Understanding Chemistry: Properties and Interactions of Matter
Unit 1 of Grade 9 Science delves into the fundamentals of chemistry, with an emphasis on the study of matter - its properties, interactions with other matter, and production of
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PowerPoint presentation about 'Understanding Chemistry: Properties and Interactions of Matter'. This presentation describes the topic on Unit 1 of Grade 9 Science delves into the fundamentals of chemistry, with an emphasis on the study of matter - its properties, interactions with other matter, and production of. The key topics included in this slideshow are . Download this presentation absolutely free.
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Slide1UNIT 1: CHEMISTRYGrade 9 Science
Slide2Unit 1:Chemistry Chemistry => The scientific study of matter, its properties and interaction with other matter. Chemical => any substance used or produced in a chemical process. It is anything that has mass. Some examples are water, table salt, vinegar...etc
Slide3Properties of Matter Matter is anything that has mass and volume. Mass is the amount of matter in a substance or object. Volume is the amount of space a substance or object occupies.
Slide43 States of Matter
Slide6Matter can be classified as: 1. an Impure substance : made of two or more substances. Ex. Mixture (ex. Sand in water- can distinguish between substances) or Solution (ex. Salt dissolved in water- appears to be all one substance)
Slide92.a Pure substance (made of one substance) - All samples taken from a pure substance will have the same characteristics (ex melting point, colour, odour, ....).
Slide102 Types of Pure Substances1. Element 2. Compounds
Slide11 ELEMENTS Matter is made up of Elements . Elements are substances that contain one type of matter and cannot be broken down or separated into simpler substances. (Ex. Hydrogen- H 2 , Oxygen- O 2 ) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d0zION8xjbM&safety_mo de=true&persist_safety_mode=1
Slide13Compounds Compound pure substance that consists of two or more elements combined in a fixed proportion. -It can be broken down into two or more simpler substances by means of a chemical changes. Water (H 2 0) Sugar (C 12 H 22 0 11 ) Salt (NaCl)
Slide15Questions 1, 2, & 3 Pg. 19
Slide16Describing Matter1. Physical Properties pg. 18 Characteristics of matter that are often observed or measured. Can be either qualitative (observed) or quantitative (measured).
Slide17Physical Properties of Matter1. Color 2. Malleability (bend) 3. Lustre (shine) 4. Conductivity (electricity) 5. Boiling point 6. Melting point 7. Texture 8. Magnetism 9. Density
Slide182. Chemical Properties pg. 19 Observed when substances react with each other. Ex. When you light a magnesium sparkler, it glows a bright white colour (chemical change). Burning brightly is a chemical property of magnesium. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5UJTR- LA1z4&feature=related
Slide19Determines a substances usefulness. Ex. Jewelry is often made of gold. This metal doesn’t react easily with air or water, so they will not deteriorate over time. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6WjBM- ZgysQ&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1
Slide20Physical Change When the appearance of a substance changes, but chemically the substance is the same. The molecules do not change and no new matter is formed Examples of physical changes : evaporating, melting, freezing, sublimating (Solid Gas ), when substances are mixed and something dissolves.
Slide21Chemical Change When a chemical reaction takes place. The substances produced during a chemical reaction are different from the original substances. Energy is involved in all chemical reactions (heat is given off) Evidence of a Chemical Change : -solid precipitate is formed in a liquid -heat or light is given off -A gas is produced - A colour change occurs - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uCwHzTsx5yY&feature =related
Slide22Chemical Properties of Matter1. Reactivity (how reactive it is) 2. Combustibility (how easy it is to catch on fire!) 3. Toxicity (how toxic it is)
Slide23Atomic Theory The description of matter and how it behaves . Has undergone many modifications as new facts became available.
Slide24Atomic Theory Early ideas... 2000 years ago Empedocles : matter was composed of four “elements”; earth, air, water, and fire.
Slide25Democritus : eventually a substance will be cut into a piece that can no longer be cut. He called this piece atomos.
Slide26Dalton’s Atomic Theory1. All matter is made of small particles called atoms . 2. Atoms cannot be created, destroyed , or divided into smaller particles.
Slide273. All atoms of the same element are identical in mass and size, but they are different in mass and size from the atoms of other elements. 4. Compounds are created when atoms of different elements link together in definite proportions.
Slide28Atoms and Molecules Atom the smallest particle of matter. Molecule : a particle that is formed when two or more atoms are joined together Examples: O 2 => (two oxygen atoms) H 2 0=>(Two hydrogen and one oxygen) C 6 H 12 O 6 ( six carbon, twelve hydrogen, and six oxygen)
Slide29Compounds contains atoms of at least two different elements Therefore, some molecules contain only identical atoms ; these are molecules of an element . Ex. O 2 => (two oxygen atoms)=> Molecule of element
Slide30Other molecules contain different atoms of different elements; molecules of a compound . Ex. H 2 0=>(Two hydrogen and one oxygen)=> molecule of compound
Slide31Theory vs. Law A theory is not as well supported as a law. Most laws are supported by a large amount of experimental evidence that is varied.
Slide32CHEMICAL FORMULA Chemical symbol is a way of representing elements by using a single capital letter or a capital letter followed by a small letter. Examples: Hydrogen => H Calcium => Ca
Slide33Chemical formula is the combination of chemical symbols that represent a chemical compound. - it indicates the kinds of elements in a compound and what proportions they are present in.
Slide34Example: Chemical formula for ozone O 3 This indicates that ozone contains oxygen. There are 3 atoms of oxygen
Slide35In compounds , atoms of two or more different elements combine in a specific proportion . That is, a certain number of atoms of one element join together in a definite fixed ratio with atoms of another element.
Slide36INSIDE THE ATOM Atoms are the smallest particles of an element and are the building blocks of many substances. Atoms are composed of three kinds of subatomic particles : (analogy: houses form communities, but houses have there own components, bedroom, kitchen, bathroom...) Protons Electrons Neutrons
Slide37Proton : positively(+) charged particles found in the nucleus of an atom. Each of the different elements contains atoms that differ in their number of protons.
Slide38Electron : negatively(-) charged particle found orbiting around the nucleus very rapidly. Neutron : neutrally charged particle also found in the nucleus of an atom.
Slide39http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lP57gEWcisY&s afety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1
Slide40Important Facts About Atoms: The number of protons and the number of electrons in the atom are equal . Therefore, atoms have no charge.
Slide41Nucleus of an Atom Nucleus of the atoms are positively charged because they contain the protons. The nucleus of the atom is very tiny (protons and neutrons are held tightly together in the nucleus). Almost all of the mass of the atom is made up by the nucleus
Slide42John Dalton (1766-1844) He suggested that the particles that make up matter are like small, hard spheres that are different for different elements. He defined an atom as the smallest particle of an element.
Slide43Dalton’s Model... Billiard Ball Model
Slide44J.J. Thomson (1856-1940) He suggested that all atoms must contain electrons (negative charge). His model pictured a positively charged ball with the negatively charged electrons embedded in it. He suggested that all atoms must contain electrons (negative charge). His model pictured a positively charged ball with the negatively charged electrons embedded in it.
Slide45Thomson’s Model... Raisin Bun Model
Slide46Ernst Rutherford (1871-1937) He discovered that atoms have a nucleus . There are two kinds of particles in the nucleus; protons (positive charge) and neutrons (neutral). He discovered that atoms have a nucleus . There are two kinds of particles in the nucleus; protons (positive charge) and neutrons (neutral).
Slide47Rutherford’s Model... Planetary Model
Slide48Niels Bohr (1885-1962) He proposed that electrons surround the nucleus in specific energy levels or shells. Each electron has a particular amount of energy. He proposed that electrons surround the nucleus in specific energy levels or shells. Each electron has a particular amount of energy.
Slide49Bohr’s Model... Orbital Model
Slide50Rutherford was able to develop Thomson’s model due to the development of new technologies. ( gold foil experiment) •The development of cyclotrons and proton accelerators have further developed the model accepted today.
Slide51Review questions for Chapter 1 Quiz P 34 #1,4-11,13,15