Oxidation Reduction Experiment


In this chapter, we will learn how to determine the O N for atoms in elements and compounds. Complete the worksheet and study pages 606-607 from the textbook. For the do-now, record an experiment in your notebook using chemical reaction language.
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About Oxidation Reduction Experiment
PowerPoint presentation about 'Oxidation Reduction Experiment'. This presentation describes the topic on In this chapter, we will learn how to determine the O N for atoms in elements and compounds. Complete the worksheet and study pages 606-607 from the textbook. For the do-now, record an experiment in your notebook using chemical reaction language.. The key topics included in this slideshow are . Download this presentation absolutely free.
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Slide1May 21 - Chapter 17 textbook OXIDATION-REDUCTION May 21 - Chapter 17 textbook OXIDATION-REDUCTION • Objective :To determine O.N. for atoms in elements and compounds. • Objective :To determine O.N. for atoms in elements and compounds. • HW : Complete worksheet. STUDY PAGE 606-607 from textbook • HW : Complete worksheet. STUDY PAGE 606-607 from textbook
Slide2DO NOWOBSERVATION SKILLS! • In your notebook record the experiment in words and then describe the experiment like a chemist (with a CHEMICAL REACTION! )
Slide3•Indicate the metal and the non metal • How metals react? • How non metals react? • Review : draw the dot diagram for each element, and for the compound formed • How many electrons and protons in each reactant? • How many electrons and protons in each element in the product?
Slide4REDOX REACTIONS (electron transfer reactions) REDOX REACTIONS (electron transfer reactions) • Whenever an atom loses an electron another atom has to gain one. Both reactions are simultaneous. • Whenever an atom loses an electron another atom has to gain one. Both reactions are simultaneous. Mg + O 2 MgO Mg + O 2 MgO Magnesium lost 2 electrons because oxygen took them. The metal LOST electrons, the NON METAL GAINED electrons Magnesium lost 2 electrons because oxygen took them. The metal LOST electrons, the NON METAL GAINED electrons
Slide5What happens to a car whenthe paint chips off?
Slide6LEO GER LEO GER L osing L osing E lectrons is E lectrons is O xidation. O xidation. G aining G aining E lectrons is E lectrons is R eduction R eduction
Slide7OIL RIG OIL RIG • O xidation • O xidation • I s • I s • L oss. • L oss. • R eduction • R eduction • I s • I s G ain. G ain.
Slide8REDOX REACTIONS• REDuction – OXidation reactions • Electrons are transferred from the element that is being oxidized to the one that is being reduced.
Slide9Oxidation Number (O.N.) Oxidation Number (O.N.) • Chemist use the O.N. to determine how many electrons are either gained or lost by an atom or ion in a chemical reaction. • Chemist use the O.N. to determine how many electrons are either gained or lost by an atom or ion in a chemical reaction. • O.N. is the charge or partial charge of an atom in a compound or an ion. • O.N. is the charge or partial charge of an atom in a compound or an ion.
Slide10RULES FOR ASSIGNING O.N. RULES FOR ASSIGNING O.N. 1. For all uncombined elements O.N. = O (FREE ELEMENTS) 1. For all uncombined elements O.N. = O (FREE ELEMENTS) 2. For monoatomic ions the charge equals O.N. 2. For monoatomic ions the charge equals O.N. 3. Metals of group 1 in compounds O.N.= +1. 3. Metals of group 1 in compounds O.N.= +1. Metals of group 2 in compounds O.N.= +2 Metals of group 2 in compounds O.N.= +2
Slide114. Fluorine in compounds is always – 1. 4. Fluorine in compounds is always – 1. Other halogens -1 in binary compounds with metals. Other halogens -1 in binary compounds with metals. 5. Hydrogen + 1 except in metal hydrides (combined with metals of group 1 or 2) 5. Hydrogen + 1 except in metal hydrides (combined with metals of group 1 or 2) 6. Oxygen is -2 except when combined with F (is =2) or in peroxides (-1). 6. Oxygen is -2 except when combined with F (is =2) or in peroxides (-1).
Slide12•7. THE SUM OF THE OXIDATION NUMBERS IN ALL COMPOUNDS MUST BE ZERO • 7. THE SUM OF THE OXIDATION NUMBERS IN ALL COMPOUNDS MUST BE ZERO • 8. FOR POLYATOMIC IONS THE SUM OF THE O.N. IS EQUAL TO THE CHARGE OF THE ION • 8. FOR POLYATOMIC IONS THE SUM OF THE O.N. IS EQUAL TO THE CHARGE OF THE ION
Slide13Group work• Get in your groups and practice what you just have learnt and complete handout. • Finish the rest for homework.
Slide14Answer to finding the Oxidationstate 1. +7 2. +5 3. +5 4. +7 5. +4 6. +6 7. +2 8. +3 9. +5 10. +3 11. +6 12. 0
Slide15ReviewFind the O.N. for each element • Cl 2 • K 2 S 2 O 3 • NO 3 - • PO 4 3- • CaCr 2 O 7 • KNO 2 • OF 2 • H 2 O 2 • KH
Slide16May 22 May 22 • Objective: How to keep track of electron transfers in chemical reactions? • Objective: How to keep track of electron transfers in chemical reactions? • HW: finish worksheet and read page 604 to 605. • HW: finish worksheet and read page 604 to 605. • Answer question 1 from page 611 • Answer question 1 from page 611
Slide17DO NOWOBSERVATION SKILLS! • In your notebook record the experiment in words and then describe the experiment like a chemist (with a CHEMICAL REACTION! )
Slide18PRACTICE• HCl + Mg -> MgCl 2 + H 2 • Indicate the oxidation state of each element in the reaction. • READ HANDOUT “ANALYZING OXIDATION-REDUCTION REACTIONS”
Slide19VOCABULARY• SIMULTANEOUS = at the same time • OXIDATION = to lose electrons • REDUCTION = to gain electrons • OXIDATION NUMBER = charge or partial charge over an element.
Slide20To recognize redox reactions… To recognize redox reactions… • Look for changes in the oxidation number or the atoms. If one element changed the O.N. then for SURE is redox reaction. • Look for changes in the oxidation number or the atoms. If one element changed the O.N. then for SURE is redox reaction. • All single replacement, synthesis, decomposition and combustion reactions are REDOX. • All single replacement, synthesis, decomposition and combustion reactions are REDOX. • Double replacement reactions are not redox. • Double replacement reactions are not redox.
Slide21PRACTICE – your turn!• Get in your group and work with the reactions in the handout. Determine the O.N. for each element and decide which element got oxidized and which got reduced (TIP ALWAYS IN THE REACTANTS SIDE!!!)
Slide22May 24• How to recognize oxidizing and reducing agents? • How to separate a redox reaction into half reactions?
Slide23AGENTS• They are always found in the reactants side.
Slide24REDUCING AGENT• When a substance is oxidized it LOSES electrons. Its O.N. increases. It is being oxidized and is making the other substance in the reaction reduced. Then the one that gets oxidized is the REDUCING AGENT. Its O.N. increases. It is being oxidized and is making the other substance in the reaction reduced. Then the one that gets oxidized is the REDUCING AGENT. R.A. gets oxidized. R.A. gets oxidized. Its O.N. increases Its O.N. increases Active metals are good RA Active metals are good RA
Slide25OXIDIZING AGENTS• When a substance is reduced it GAINS electrons . • Its O.N. decreases. It is being reduced, it takes electrons from the other specie, it makes the other specie to get oxidize. • Its O.N. decreases. It is being reduced, it takes electrons from the other specie, it makes the other specie to get oxidize. • The one that gets reduced is the OXIDIZING AGENT • The one that gets reduced is the OXIDIZING AGENT • Oxidizing Agent : Gets reduced • Oxidizing Agent : Gets reduced • Its ON decreases. • Its ON decreases.
Slide26•2Mg + O 2 MgO • 2Mg + O 2 MgO • Mg: oxidation number changes from • 0 to +2 . It increased. • Mg gets oxidized. Is the reducing agent. • Oxygen: Oxidation number changes from 0 to -2 , it decreases is the Oxidizing agent.
Slide27•Half reactions • Hw p 164 q 32 to 36 • And finish worksheet #3
Slide28Half reactions Half reactions • A redox reaction can always be broken down as 2 half reactions that show the atom or ion that is being oxidized and the one that is being reduced. • A redox reaction can always be broken down as 2 half reactions that show the atom or ion that is being oxidized and the one that is being reduced. • MASS AND CHARGE has to be conserved in a half reaction • MASS AND CHARGE has to be conserved in a half reaction • 1. find the o.n. of each element in the reaction. Determine which is being reduced an which is being oxidized • 1. find the o.n. of each element in the reaction. Determine which is being reduced an which is being oxidized
Slide29•2. Balance the masses first • 2. Balance the masses first • 3. Complete each half reaction with electrons.( LEO GER) • 3. Complete each half reaction with electrons.( LEO GER) • 4. Verify that masses and charges are balanced. • 4. Verify that masses and charges are balanced.
Slide30May 28 May 28 • Objetive: Spontaneous Redox Reaction • Objetive: Spontaneous Redox Reaction • To use table J to predict if a single replacement reaction will occurr. • To use table J to predict if a single replacement reaction will occurr.
Slide31Activity series Activity series • Spontaneous Reactions : happen without external help . • Spontaneous Reactions : happen without external help . CuSO 4 + Zn Zn SO 4 + Cu CuSO 4 + Zn Zn SO 4 + Cu • In a single replacement reaction the most active element replaces the other element from a compound. (TABLE J) • In a single replacement reaction the most active element replaces the other element from a compound. (TABLE J)
Slide32Table J Table J • The metal above gets oxidized the one below will get reduced. • The metal above gets oxidized the one below will get reduced. • For non metals the one above gets reduced the one below gets oxidized. • For non metals the one above gets reduced the one below gets oxidized.
Slide33•F 2 + NaCl • F 2 + NaCl • I 2 + NaCl • I 2 + NaCl • Cl 2 + Na I • Cl 2 + Na I
Slide34METALS IN TABLE J METALS IN TABLE J • The higher the metal is in table J, the most active it is, the more tendency to became oxidized (lose electrons) • The higher the metal is in table J, the most active it is, the more tendency to became oxidized (lose electrons) • On Top of table J best reducing agents • On Top of table J best reducing agents • Towards the bottom metals tend to gain electrons then they became reduced and are good reducing agents • Towards the bottom metals tend to gain electrons then they became reduced and are good reducing agents
Slide35Non Metals Non Metals • F 2 has the greatest tendency to gain electrons ( became reduced) is the BEST OXIDIZING AGENT. • F 2 has the greatest tendency to gain electrons ( became reduced) is the BEST OXIDIZING AGENT.
Slide36Predict if the reaction will occur Predict if the reaction will occur • Ag (NO 3 ) + Cu • Ag (NO 3 ) + Cu • Zn +2 + Co • Zn +2 + Co • MgCl 2 + Ni • MgCl 2 + Ni • K + FeCl 3 • K + FeCl 3 • Li + Mg 2+ • Li + Mg 2+
Slide37May 29ELECTROCHEMISTRY • OBJECTIVE: To distinguish between electrochemical and electrolytic cells • To identify the different parts of a cell and explain their purpose.
Slide38Do now Do now • What SPONTANEOUS reaction would occur if we have • What SPONTANEOUS reaction would occur if we have • Cu, Cu 2+ , Zn and Zn 2+ together. • Cu, Cu 2+ , Zn and Zn 2+ together. • Hint USE TABLE J • Hint USE TABLE J • Where the electrons flow? Which loses which gains? • Where the electrons flow? Which loses which gains?
Slide39ElectrochemistryVoltaic Cells In spontaneous oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions, electrons are transferred and energy is released.
Slide40IDEA!IDEA! • If we can place the two metals in two different containers and connect them with a wire the electrons will flow from the Zn to the Cu and we will have an electric current – ELECTRICITY • If we can place the two metals in two different containers and connect them with a wire the electrons will flow from the Zn to the Cu and we will have an electric current – ELECTRICITY • But it does not work if we do not close the circuit – USE A SALT BRIDGE • But it does not work if we do not close the circuit – USE A SALT BRIDGE
Slide41Voltaic Cells• A typical cell looks like this. • The oxidation occurs at the anode . • The reduction occurs at the cathode .
Slide42ELECTRODES• Where the reduction or oxidation takes place. They are usually metals or they can be made of graphite. • RED CAT • REDuction at the cathode
Slide43ELECTROCHEMISTRYELECTROCHEMISTRY • *Anode: where the oxidation occurs. • *Anode: where the oxidation occurs. • *Cathode: where the reduction occurs. • *Cathode: where the reduction occurs. • Voltaic or galvanic cell : produce ELECTRICITY from an spontaneous chemical reaction. • Voltaic or galvanic cell : produce ELECTRICITY from an spontaneous chemical reaction.
Slide44•ELECTRON FLOW. FROM THE ONE THAT GETS OXIDIZED TO THE ONE THAT GETS REDUCED. • ELECTRON FLOW. FROM THE ONE THAT GETS OXIDIZED TO THE ONE THAT GETS REDUCED. • POLARITIES • POLARITIES • ANODE – NEGATIVE source of electrons • ANODE – NEGATIVE source of electrons • CATHODE- POSITIVE • CATHODE- POSITIVE
Slide45A typical voltaic cellCathode: the electrode at which reduction occurs Anode: the electrode at which oxidation occurs RED CAT REDuction at the cathode Salt bridge: a tube containing strong electrolyte, a pathway to allow the ions to move from one side to another. PERMIT THE MIGRATION OF IONS
Slide46Problems1. A cell uses the reaction Mn + Ni 2+ Ni + Mn 2+ to produce electricity. a) Write the half-reaction that occurs at the anode. b) Write the half-reaction that occurs at the cathode. c) Which species in this cell loses electrons? d) As the cell produces electricity, which ion increases in concentration? Mn Mn 2+ + 2e - Ni 2+ + 2e - Ni Mn Mn 2+
Slide471. Voltaic CellA type of electrochemical cell that converts chemical energy to electrical energy by a spontaneous redox reaction. In 1800, Volta built the voltaic pile and discovered the first practical method of generating electricity. Constructed of alternating discs of zinc and copper, with pieces of cardboard soaked in salt water b/w the metals, the voltaic pile produced electrical current.
Slide48 Electrochemical cell An apparatus that uses a redox reaction to produce electrical energy ( voltaic cell ) or uses electrical energy to cause a chemical reaction ( electrolytic cell ).
Slide49Electrolytic cell Electrolytic cell • Uses electricity to force a reaction that is not spontaneous to occur. • Uses electricity to force a reaction that is not spontaneous to occur. • NOTICE THAT IN ELECTROLYTIC CELLS THERE IS A BATTERY OR A POWER SOURCE PRESENT • NOTICE THAT IN ELECTROLYTIC CELLS THERE IS A BATTERY OR A POWER SOURCE PRESENT • Electrolysis : to decompose a substance using electricity • Electrolysis : to decompose a substance using electricity
Slide51ElectroplatingElectroplating Is used to cover an object with metal using electricity. Is used to cover an object with metal using electricity. • THE OBJECT TO BE COVERED GOES IN THE CATHODE • THE OBJECT TO BE COVERED GOES IN THE CATHODE • POLARITIES : ANODE – POSITIVE • POLARITIES : ANODE – POSITIVE • CATHODE- NEGATIVE SOURCE OF ELECTRONS – CONNECTED TO NEGATIVE • CATHODE- NEGATIVE SOURCE OF ELECTRONS – CONNECTED TO NEGATIVE