Mummification Tools and Canopic Jars: Materials Used in Ancient Egyptian Burial Practices

Mummification Tools and Canopic Jars: Materials Used in Ancient Egyptian Burial Practices
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Mummification was a complex and highly ritualized process that involved the preservation of the body for the afterlife. This involved the use

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Slide1Mummification

Slide5Canopic Jars    Imsety        Hapy           Duametef     Qebehsenuef       Liver               Lungs                Stomach          Intestines  

Slide61)linen  2) sawdust  3) lichen  4) beeswax 5) resin  6) natron  7) onion  8) Nile mud 9) linen pads  10) frankincense Materials Used in Mummification

Slide7Mummification ToolsMummification tools: Brain hooks (replicas based on examples from the Rijksmuseum, Leiden) Oil jar (Royal Ontario Museum 948.1.17) Funnel (replica) Embalmer's knife (Smithsonian Institution 221.389)

Slide8Herodotous in 450 B.C. Wrote:“As much of the brain as it is possible is extracted through the nostrils with an iron hook, and what the hook cannot reach is dissolved with drugs. Next, the flank is slit open . . . and the entire contents of the abdomen removed. The cavity is then thoroughly cleansed and washed out . . . Then it is filled with pure crushed myrrh, cassia, and all other aromatic substances, except frankincense. [The incision] is sewn up, and then the body is placed in natron, covered entirely for 70 days, never longer. When this period . . . is ended, the body is washed and then wrapped from the head to the feet in linen which has been cut into strips and smeared on the underside with gum which is commonly used by the Egyptians in the place of glue.”

Slide11Mummy Case

Slide12Weighing of the HeartAmmut Will eat the person if the heart weighs more than the feather Feather Heart Anubis Thoth

Slide13Final Judgment of Osiris