Conflicts in Holy Land: Palestine-Israel

Conflicts in Holy Land: Palestine-Israel
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The contentious history of the Holy Land, claimed by Jews, Muslims, and Christians, has led to conflicts between Israel and Palestine. The area was ruled by Ottomans and later, Britain, which allowed Palestinians to stay but Jewish settlers arrived, leading to clashes.

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1. Conflicts in the Middle East Conflicts in the Middle East (Ch. 18 sec. 4) (Ch. 18 sec. 4)

2. Palestine/Israel Palestine/Israel • • Considered the “Holy Land” by the Muslim, Jewish, and Christian faiths • • Hebrews (Jews) lose control of the area during the first century AD (CE) • • Ottomans (Muslim Turks) control from 15 th -20 th centuries AD (CE) • • After World War I, Ottoman Turks lose this territory to Great Britain: Britain allows 10 million Palestinians (mostly Muslim) to stay and practice religious freedom

3. Balfour Declaration: (1917 ) Balfour Declaration: (1917 ) • • Arthur Balfour (British Gov’t official) declares Jews should have their own country: Israel

4. Balfour Declaration: (1917 ) Balfour Declaration: (1917 ) • • Cause 1: increased immigration of Jews to Palestine • • Cause 2 : Jews requested their own homeland and G.B. did not want to lose support of Jews during World War I

5. Balfour Declaration: (1917 ) Balfour Declaration: (1917 ) • Effect #1 : • Issue of Jewish homeland not settled in 1917 • • Effect #2: • • British left the issue to the UN to decide after World War II

6. Independent Israel Created Independent Israel Created • May 14, 1948 Israel declares itself a new nation

7. Independent Israel Created Independent Israel Created • Cause #1 • UN recommends taking a part of Palestine (British colony before WWII) and giving it to Jews for Israel

8. Independent Israel Created Independent Israel Created • Cause #2: • sympathy for Jews from Europeans after Holocaust

9. Independent Israel Created Independent Israel Created • Effect #1 : full scale Arab-Israeli war: 10 million Palestinians were left with out a country when their land was given to Jews for Israel by UN

10. 1956 Arab-Israeli War 1956 Arab-Israeli War • Cause #1 : millions of Palestinians were left with out a country when UN gave their land to Jews for Israel

11. 1956 Arab-Israeli War 1956 Arab-Israeli War • Cause #2: Egypt seizes the Suez Canal from Israel

12. 1956 Arab-Israeli War 1956 Arab-Israeli War • Effect #1: Israel defeats Egypt • • Effect #2: Israel invades parts of Egypt • • Effect #3: Great Britain/France supported Israel in the conflict

13. 1956 Arab-Israeli War 1956 Arab-Israeli War • Under international pressure Israel gives Suez Canal back to Egypt: ends the crisis

14. 1967 Six-Day War 1967 Six-Day War • • Israel vs. Egypt, Iran, Syria, and Jordan

15. 1967 Six-Day War 1967 Six-Day War • Israel vs. Egypt, Iran, Syria, and Jordan • vs . • • Cause #1: Uneasy truce after 1956 war • • Cause #2: Rising tensions between Arab states and Israel after the 1956 war

16. 1967 Six-Day War 1967 Six-Day War • Cause #3: Egypt (armed with Soviet weapons) and other Arab nations prepared for war • • Cause #4: June 5, 1967 Israel attacked Iran, Egypt, Jordan, and Syria first

17. 1967 Six-Day War 1967 Six-Day War • Cause #5: Six days Israel lost 800; • Egypt, Iran, Syria, Jordan lost 15,000 combined

18. 1967 Six-Day War 1967 Six-Day War • Effect #1 : Israel took West Bank from Jordan • • Effect #2 : Israel took Golan Heights from Syria • • Effect #3: Israel took Sinai Peninsula from Egypt

19. Yom Kippur War (October 1973) Yom Kippur War (October 1973) • Cause #1: Arab nations jointly attacked Israel on holiest Jewish holiday

20. Yom Kippur War (October 1973) Yom Kippur War (October 1973) • Effect #1: Caught Israelis off guard • • Effect #2: Arabs nations reclaimed some of lost territory • • Effect #3: Israel counter attacked and took back lost territory • • Effect #4: uneasy truce after weeks of fighting

21. Camp David Accords 1978 Camp David Accords 1978 • Cause #1: Egypt offers permanent peace to Israel Cause #2: US President Jimmy Carter offered to facilitate peace agreement at Camp David, Maryland

22. Camp David Accords 1978 Camp David Accords 1978 • • Effect #1: Egypt first Arab nation to recognize Israel as legitimate nation • • Effect #2: Israel gives Sinai Peninsula back to Egypt

23. Camp David Accords 1978 Camp David Accords 1978 • Effect #3: ends 30 years of hostilities between Israel and Egypt • • Effect #4: Egypt president Anwar Sadat assassinated by Egyptian extremists

24. Declaration of Principles (September 1993) Declaration of Principles (September 1993) • Cause #1: ongoing Palestinian/Israeli conflicts • • Cause #2: conflicts led to a series of peace talks facilitated by US President Bill Clinton

25. Declaration of Principles (September 1993) Declaration of Principles (September 1993) • Effect #1: Israel grants self-rule to Palestinians in West Bank and Gaza Strip • • Effect #2: Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin assassinated by Israeli extremist in 1995