Understanding Human Heredity and Gene Disorders: Autosomal and Mutations


This article explores the different types of gene disorders that are only found in chromosome pairs 1-22, known as autosomal disorders. Specifically, this article
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About Understanding Human Heredity and Gene Disorders: Autosomal and Mutations
PowerPoint presentation about 'Understanding Human Heredity and Gene Disorders: Autosomal and Mutations'. This presentation describes the topic on This article explores the different types of gene disorders that are only found in chromosome pairs 1-22, known as autosomal disorders. Specifically, this article. The key topics included in this slideshow are . Download this presentation absolutely free.
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Slide1Human Heredity andSingle Gene Disorders
Slide2Autosomal?These types of gene disorders are only found in chromosome pairs 1-22
Slide3Gene MutationsThe instructions in 1 out of the 24,000 genes gets messed up
Slide4Gene MutationsInsertion, deletion or substitution of 1 or more bases changes amino acids and makes the protein incorrectly “ Normal ” DNA sequence Mutated DNA sequence DNA: TCACGATTT mRNA: AGUGCUAAA Ser Ala Lys DNA: TCA T GATTT mRNA: AGU A CUAAA Ser Thr Lys
Slide5Example: Cystic fibrosis (1 in 2000 Europeans) Gene on chromosome 7 Normal dominant allele (N) makes a protein to transport chloride ions across cells Mutated recessive allele (n) makes a protein that does not transport chloride ions across cell Result= mucus that clogs lungs and pancreas=shortened life expectance to early adulthood NN=normal Nn=normal nn=cystic fibrosis
Slide6Example: Tay-Sachs disease (1 in 600 Jews) Gene on chromosome 15 Normal dominant allele (N) makes a protein that is an enzyme which breaks stuff down in lysosome ’ s Mutated recessive allele (n) makes an enzyme that does not work Result= build up of waste causes nerve cells to die= brain damage and death in early childhood NN=normal Nn=normal nn=Tay-Sachs
Slide7Example: Sickle cell anemia (1 in 500 African Americans) Gene on chromosome 11 Normal dominant allele (N) makes a protein that carries oxygen in red blood cells Mutated recessive allele (n) makes a protein that causes the cell to change shape Result= Cylinder shaped red blood cells clog blood vessels= damaged organs due to lack of oxygen NN=normal Nn=Normal nn= sickle cell anemia
Slide9Example: Huntington’ s Disease (1 in 10,000) Gene on chromosome 4 Normal recessive allele (n) makes a protein that helps move vesicles in nerve cells Mutated dominant allele (N) makes a damaged protein which causes defected nerves in brain Result=at middle age loss of body function and death NN=Huntington ’ s disease Nn=Huntington ’ s disease nn= normal
Slide10Example: Hutchinson Giford Progeria Syndrome(1 in 4-8 million new borns) Gene on chromosome 1 Normal recessive allele (n) makes a protein that builds the nucleus (nuclear envelope) Mutated dominant allele (N) makes a damaged protein that makes the nucleus unstable and misshapen Result=The unstable nucleus becomes damaged over time, leading to early death of cells and early death of the individual NN=Hutchinson Gilford diseaase Nn=Hutchinson Gilford disease nn= normal