Understanding Human Heredity and Gene Disorders: Autosomal and Mutations

Understanding Human Heredity and Gene Disorders: Autosomal and Mutations
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This article explores the different types of gene disorders that are only found in chromosome pairs 1-22, known as autosomal disorders. Specifically, this article

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About Understanding Human Heredity and Gene Disorders: Autosomal and Mutations

PowerPoint presentation about 'Understanding Human Heredity and Gene Disorders: Autosomal and Mutations'. This presentation describes the topic on This article explores the different types of gene disorders that are only found in chromosome pairs 1-22, known as autosomal disorders. Specifically, this article. The key topics included in this slideshow are . Download this presentation absolutely free.

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Slide1Human Heredity andSingle Gene Disorders

Slide2Autosomal?These types of gene disorders  are only found in chromosome pairs 1-22

Slide3Gene MutationsThe instructions in  1 out of the 24,000  genes gets messed up

Slide4Gene MutationsInsertion, deletion or substitution of 1 or more bases  changes amino acids and makes the protein incorrectly “ Normal ”  DNA sequence Mutated DNA sequence DNA:   TCACGATTT mRNA:    AGUGCUAAA Ser Ala Lys DNA:   TCA T GATTT mRNA:    AGU A CUAAA Ser Thr Lys

Slide5Example: Cystic fibrosis (1 in 2000 Europeans)        Gene on chromosome 7 Normal dominant allele (N) makes a protein to transport chloride ions across cells Mutated recessive allele (n) makes a protein that does not transport chloride ions across cell Result= mucus that clogs lungs and pancreas=shortened life expectance to early adulthood NN=normal  Nn=normal   nn=cystic fibrosis

Slide6Example: Tay-Sachs disease (1 in 600 Jews)        Gene on chromosome 15 Normal dominant allele (N) makes a protein that is an enzyme which breaks stuff down in lysosome ’ s Mutated recessive allele (n) makes an enzyme that does not work Result= build up of waste causes nerve cells to die= brain damage and death in early childhood NN=normal   Nn=normal  nn=Tay-Sachs

Slide7Example: Sickle cell anemia (1 in 500 African Americans)        Gene on chromosome 11 Normal dominant allele (N) makes a protein that carries oxygen in red blood cells Mutated recessive allele (n) makes a protein that causes the cell to change shape Result= Cylinder shaped red blood cells clog blood vessels= damaged organs due to lack of oxygen NN=normal  Nn=Normal  nn=  sickle cell anemia

Slide9Example: Huntington’ s Disease (1 in 10,000)        Gene on chromosome 4 Normal recessive allele (n) makes a protein that helps move vesicles in nerve cells Mutated dominant allele (N) makes a damaged protein which causes defected nerves in brain Result=at middle age loss of body function and death NN=Huntington ’ s disease Nn=Huntington ’ s disease nn= normal

Slide10Example: Hutchinson Giford Progeria Syndrome(1 in 4-8 million new borns)        Gene on chromosome 1 Normal recessive allele (n) makes a protein that builds the nucleus (nuclear envelope) Mutated dominant allele (N) makes a damaged protein that makes the nucleus unstable and misshapen Result=The unstable nucleus becomes damaged over time, leading to early death of cells and early death of the individual NN=Hutchinson Gilford  diseaase Nn=Hutchinson Gilford disease nn= normal

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