Genetic Traits in Organisms
Quantitative and qualitative traits in organisms are affected by polygenic and single gene factors, with diploid organisms having two alleles per gene. Polygenic systems have active and neutral alleles, influencing the phenotype by specific units, while single gene traits may have small effect alleles.
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About Genetic Traits in Organisms
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1. Genetika organism Genetika organism Ddinost kvantitativnch znak Ddinost kvantitativnch znak Irena Svobodov Gymnzium Na Zatlance
2. Ddinost kvantitativnch znak Ddinost kvantitativnch znak Kvalitativn znak - obvykle polygenn (podmnn vym potem gen malho inku) Kvalitativn znak - obvykle polygenn (podmnn vym potem gen malho inku) Diploidn organismy maj vdy dv alely od jednoho genu Diploidn organismy maj vdy dv alely od jednoho genu
3. Polygenn systm Polygenn systm 2 typy alel 2 typy alel aktivn alela neutrln alela Zvyuje nebo sniuje fenotypov inek o uritou jednotku Neovlivuje hodnotu znaku
4. P. tlesn vka u lovka P. tlesn vka u lovka Vsledek spolupsoben 10 gen (pedpokldejme pro jednoduchost) Vsledek spolupsoben 10 gen (pedpokldejme pro jednoduchost) Kad gen 2 alely Kad gen 2 alely aktivn zvyuje vku o 1 cm aktivn zvyuje vku o 1 cm neutrln neovlivuje vku neutrln neovlivuje vku lovk, nesouc deset alel aktivnch bude o 10 cm vt ne lovk nesouc deset neutrlnch lovk, nesouc deset alel aktivnch bude o 10 cm vt ne lovk nesouc deset neutrlnch
5. Ddinost kvantitativnch znak Ddinost kvantitativnch znak Ddinost kad alely podle Mendelovch zkon Ddinost kad alely podle Mendelovch zkon Poet monch genotypovch kombinac pi potu nezvisle se kombinujcch gen n = 3 n Poet monch genotypovch kombinac pi potu nezvisle se kombinujcch gen n = 3 n P. Je-li n = 10 , pak 3 10 = 59049 P. Je-li n = 10 , pak 3 10 = 59049 n= 15 3 15 = 14348907 n= 15 3 15 = 14348907 monch genotypovch kombinac!!! monch genotypovch kombinac!!!
6. Rodlen etnosti vskytu kvantitativnch znak Rodlen etnosti vskytu kvantitativnch znak ukazuje Gaussova kivka ukazuje Gaussova kivka Nejvce je jedinc s prmrnou formou znaku, nejmn s maximln aminimln hodnotou znaku Nejvce je jedinc s prmrnou formou znaku, nejmn s maximln aminimln hodnotou znaku
7. Celkov fenotypov promnlivost Celkov fenotypov promnlivost Podmnna Podmnna ddinou slokou (genotypovou) ddinou slokou (genotypovou) neddinou slokou (faktory prosted) neddinou slokou (faktory prosted) Podl ddin sloky na celkov promnlivosti = ddivost (heritabilita) Podl ddin sloky na celkov promnlivosti = ddivost (heritabilita) Ddivost se d vyjdit tzv. koeficientem ddivosti: Ddivost se d vyjdit tzv. koeficientem ddivosti: h 2 = rozptyl dan genotypem/celkov rozptyl h 2 = rozptyl dan genotypem/celkov rozptyl
8. Testy genetika on-line Testy genetika on-line http://www.gym- bohumin.cz/testy/index.php?id=3&okruh=1 http://www.gym- bohumin.cz/testy/index.php?id=3&okruh=1
9. Pouit www strnky Pouit www strnky http://www.emunix.emich.edu/~rwinning/genetics http://www.emunix.emich.edu/~rwinning/genetics http://www.mun.ca/biology/scarr/Drosophila_eyes.gif www.uni- heidelberg.de/presse/news05/2501genetisch.html
