Understanding the Components of the System Unit

Understanding the Components of the System Unit
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In this second meeting of the course "Introduction to Information Technology," the students will learn about the various components that make up the system unit of a computer. By the end of the meeting,

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PowerPoint presentation about 'Understanding the Components of the System Unit'. This presentation describes the topic on In this second meeting of the course "Introduction to Information Technology," the students will learn about the various components that make up the system unit of a computer. By the end of the meeting,. The key topics included in this slideshow are . Download this presentation absolutely free.

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Slide11Pertemuan 2   Understanding the Components of the System Units Matakuliah : J0282 / Pengantar Teknologi Informasi Tahun : 2005 Versi : 02/02

Slide22Learning Outcomes Pada akhir pertemuan ini, diharapkan mahasiswa akan mampu : • menjelaskan komponen di dalam sistem unit komputer

Slide33Outline Materi • Processor • Memory • Adapter Cards • Ports and Connectors

Slide44The System Unit • What is the   system unit ?  Case that contains electronic components of the computer used to process data  Sometimes called the   chassis

Slide55The System Unit • What are common components inside the system unit?  Memory  Adapter   cards  Sound card  Modem card  Video card  Network card  Ports  Drive bays  Power   supply power supply ports drive bays processor memory sound card video card modem card network card  Processor

Slide66The System Unit • What is the   motherboard ?  Main circuit board in system unit  Contains adapter cards, processor chips, and memory chips  Also called system board processor chip adapter cards memory chips memory slots motherboard Expansion slots for adapter cards

Slide77The System Unit • What is a   chip ? dual inline packages (DIP) holds memory chips pin grid array (PGA) package holds processor chips  Small piece of semi-conducting material on which integrated circuits are etched  Integrated circuits contain many microscopic pathways capable of carrying electrical current  Chips are packaged so they can be attached to a circuit board

Slide88Processor Processor Control Unit Control Unit Arithmetic Logic  Unit  (ALU) Arithmetic Logic  Unit  (ALU) Arithmetic Logic  Unit  (ALU) Arithmetic Logic  Unit  (ALU) Processor • What is the   central processing unit (CPU) ? Input Devices Input Devices Storage Devices Storage Devices Output Devices Output Devices  Interprets and carries out basic instructions that operate a computer Memory Memory Data Data Information Information Instructions Data Information Instructions Data Information Instructions Data Information Instructions Data Information Control Unit Control Unit  Control unit  directs and coordinates operations in computer  Arithmetic logic unit (ALU)  performs arithmetic, comparison, and logical operations  Also called the   processor

Slide99Processor • Which processor should you select?  The faster the processor, the more expensive the computer Celeron Itanium or Xeon Pentium family 1.3 GHz and up 3.0 GHz and up 2.4 GHz to 3.0 GHz Up to 2.4 GHz 2.2 GHz and up Intel Processor Desired Clock Speed

Slide1010Processor • What are   heat sinks   and   heat pipes ?  Heat sink—component with fins that cools processor heat sink fan heat sink  Heat pipe e —smaller device for notebook computers

Slide1111Data Representation • How do computers represent data?  Recognize only two discrete states: on or off  Use a  binary system  to recognize two states  Use Number system with two unique digits: 0 and 1, called  bits  (short for binary digits)  Most computers are   digital

Slide1212Data Representation • What is a   byte ?  Eight bits grouped together as a unit  Provides enough different combinations of 0s and 1s to represent 256 individual characters  Numbers  Uppercase and lowercase letters  Punctuation marks

Slide1313Data Representation • How is a letter converted to binary form and back? Step 1. The user presses the capital letter  D (shift+D key) on the keyboard. Step 2. An electronic signal for the capital letter  D  is sent to the system unit. Step 3. The signal for the capital letter  D is converted to its ASCII binary code (01000100) and is stored in memory for processing. Step 4. After processing, the binary code for the capital letter  D  is converted to an image, and displayed on the output device.

Slide1414Memory • What is   memory ?  Electronic components that store instructions, data, and results  Consists of one or more chips on motherboard or other circuit board  Each byte stored in unique location called an   address, similar to seats on a passenger train Seat #2B4 Seat #2B3

Slide1515Memory • What is   random access memory (RAM) ? The  more  RAM  a computer  has,  the faster  it  responds The  more  RAM  a computer  has,  the faster  it  responds Also  called main  memory or  primary storage Also  called main  memory or  primary storage Most  RAM  is volatile ,  it  is  lost when  computer’s power  is turned  off Most  RAM  is volatile ,  it  is  lost when  computer’s power  is turned  off Memory  chips  that  can  be read  from  and  written to  by  processor Memory  chips  that  can  be read  from  and  written to  by  processor

Slide1616Memory • Where does memory reside?  Resides on small circuit board called   memory module  Memory slots   on motherboard hold memory modules memory chip memory slot dual inline memory module

Slide1717Memory • How much RAM does an application require?  Software package typically indicates RAM requirements  For optimal performance, you need more than minimum specifications System Requirements Windows ®  XP Home Edition/Professional • Intel Pentium processor at 233MHZ or higher • AMD K6 (Athlon Duron Family processor at 233MHZ or higher • 64 MB of RAM

Slide1818Memory • How much RAM do you need?  Depends on type of applications you intend to run on your computer RAM Use 128 to 256 MB 256 to 1 GB 1 GB and up • Home and business users managing personal finance • Using standard application software such as word processing • Using educational or entertainment CD-ROMs • Communicating with others on the Web • Users requiring more advanced multimedia capabilities • Running number-intensive accounting, financial, or spreadsheet programs • Using voice recognition • Working with videos, music, and digital imaging • Creating Web sites • Participating in video conferences • Playing Internet games • Power users creating professional Web sites • Running sophisticated CAD, 3D design, or other graphics-intensive software

Slide1919Memory • What is   read-only memory (ROM) ? Memory  chips  that  store permanent  data and  instructions Memory  chips  that  store permanent  data and  instructions Nonvolatile  memory ,  it  is  not lost  when  computer’s power  is  turned  off Nonvolatile  memory ,  it  is  not lost  when  computer’s power  is  turned  off Three  types: Three  types: Firmware — Manufactured  with permanently  written data,  instructions, or  information Firmware — Manufactured  with permanently  written data,  instructions, or  information EEPROM ( e lectrically e rasable  p rogrammable r ead- o nly  m emory)— Type  of  PROM containing  microcode programmer can  erase EEPROM ( e lectrically e rasable  p rogrammable r ead- o nly  m emory)— Type  of  PROM containing  microcode programmer can  erase PROM ( p rogrammable r ead- o nly m emory)— Blank  ROM chip  onto  which a  programmer can  write  permanently PROM ( p rogrammable r ead- o nly m emory)— Blank  ROM chip  onto  which a  programmer can  write  permanently

Slide2020Memory • What is   flash memory ? Step 1. Purchase and download MP3 music tracks from a Web site. With one end of a special cable connected to the system unit, connect the other end into the MP3 player. Step 2. Instruct the computer to copy the MP3 music track to the flash memory chip in the MP3 player. Step 3. Plug the headphones into the MP3 player, push a button on the MP3 player, and listen to the music through the headphones. MP3 Player Flash memory chip Flash memory card From computer To headphones  Nonvolatile memory that can be erased electronically and reprogrammed  Used with PDAs, digital cameras, digital cellular phones, music players, digital voice recorders, printers, Internet receivers, and pagers

Slide2121Memory • What is   CMOS ? Uses battery power to retain information when other power is turned off Stores date, time, and computer’s startup information C omplementary m etal- o xide s emiconductor memory Used in some RAM chips, flash memory chips, and other types of memory chips

Slide2222Memory • What is   access time ?  Amount of time it takes processor to read data from memory  Measured in  nanoseconds  (ns), one billionth of a second  It takes 1/10 of a second to blink your eye; a computer can perform up to 10 million operations in same amount of time Term Speed Millisecond One-thousandth of a second Microsecond One-millionth of a second Nanosecond One-billionth of a second Picosecond One-trillionth of a second

Slide2323Expansion Slots and Adapter Cards • What is an   adapter card ? Types of Adapter Cards  Enhances system unit or provides connections to external devices called peripherals  Also called an   expansion card

Slide2424Expansion Slots and Adapter Cards • What is an   expansion slot ?  An opening, or socket, on the motherboard that can hold an adapter card  With   Plug and Play , the computer automatically configures cards and other devices as you install them

Slide2525Ports and Connectors • What are   ports   and   connectors ?  Port   connects external devices to system unit  Connector  joins cable to peripheral  Available in one of two genders:  male  and  female

Slide2626Ports and Connectors • What are different types of connectors?

Slide2727External peripherals might use an AC adapter, which is an external power supply Power Supply • What is a  power supply ? Converts AC Power into DC Power Fan keeps system unit components cool

Slide2828• Source : Shelly, Gary B.  Discovering Computers  (2004/2005/2006). Thomson Course Technology. PPT for Chapter 4.