The Conflict Takes Shape: Lincoln vs Davis on the Preservation of the Union and Slavery

The Conflict Takes Shape: Lincoln vs Davis on the Preservation of the Union and Slavery
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This article discusses the ideological and practical differences between Abraham Lincoln and Jefferson Davis, who were key figures in the American Civil War. Lincoln's primary

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Slide117.1 (p.484-489)The Conflict Takes Shape

Slide2Abraham LincolnJefferson Davis 24 11 1) preserve the Union 2) (later) to abolish slavery 1) gain independence 2) maintain slavery/lifestyle strong FEDERAL govt. strong STATE govts. 23 M 9 M (1/3 slaves)

Slide31) industrial2) can provide war supplies 1) agricultural (cash crops) 2) must trade for war supplies 1) volunteer army (large pop.) 2) inexperienced 1) volunteer army (small pop.) 2) (many) military backgrounds 1) some experienced in Mexican War 2) few aggressive/effective generals 1) many experienced in Mexican War 2) aggressive/effective leaders

Slide4Southerners• Southerners believed that they had the right to leave the Union. They called the conflict the War for Southern Independence. • Southerners wanted to keep their traditional way of life—including slavery. Northerners • Northerners believed that they had to fight to save the  Union. • Some northerners wanted to abolish slavery .  Others approved of slavery. Border States • Slave states  that were  still in the Union in 1861  had to decide what to do.  Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Arkansas joined the Confederacy. • Four slave states remained with the Union. These  border states were Kentucky, Missouri, Maryland, and Delaware . • Some people who lived in the border states supported the South. Pro-Confederate mobs attacked Union troops in Maryland.  President Lincoln declared martial law, or rule by the army instead of the elected government.

Slide5slaveholding states which stayed in the union (ky, MO, MD, DE); USA/CSA borderrule by the army [emergency measure to keep order]

Slide6Chapter 17, Section 1NORTH: UNION Northern Advantages (++) • Lincoln: superior leader • larger population • military power: 5 to 1 advantage • industry: can produce war supplies • more $$: can support longer war • more railroads: RR networks link major cities • produces more food • Navy; controls shipping

Slide7Chapter 17, Section 1NORTH: UNION Northern Disadvantages (--) • Northern soldiers had to conquer a huge area and blockade a very long coast • Instead of defending their homes, they were invading unfamiliar land • Union supply lines had to stretch out much farther than Confederate ones • many Northerners were not willing to fight to abolish slavery

Slide9Chapter 17, Section 1SOUTH: CONFEDERACY Southern Advantages (++) • outstanding experienced generals • strong military tradition • strong motivation: defending homes and lives • home field advantage: know the ground • skilled with guns & horses • large amounts of cotton to trade for military supplies • possible European alliance(s)

Slide10Chapter 17, Section 1SOUTH: CONFEDERACY Southern Disadvantages (--) •  few factories to produce weapons and other supplies •  few railroads to move troops and supplies; many rail lines did not connect to a railroad network •  Confederate constitution favored states ’ rights and limited the central government; sometimes, this made it difficult to get things done •  small population compared to the North; the South did not have enough people to support a long war effort •  few ships

Slide11The War’ s Leaders Confederate President Jefferson Davis: • attended the United States Military Academy at West Point • was an officer in the Mexican War • was Secretary of War under President Franklin Pierce • was respected for his honesty and courage • micromanaged generals Union President Abraham Lincoln: • did not have much experience in national politics • did not have much military experience • turned out to be a strong leader and fine war planner (asked subordinates for advice) • had a sense of humor • could accept criticism Confederate Commander Robert E. Lee: • the best tactical commander on either side • Lincoln had asked him to command the Union army • was loyal to his state of Virginia • given command of the Confederate army