Functions of Hair in the Integumentary System Accessories

Functions of Hair in the Integumentary System Accessories
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Hair is an integral part of the integumentary system accessories that serves multiple functions. One of the crucial functions is helping maintain warmth in the body. During cold weather,

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Slide1Integumentary SystemAccessories

Slide2Hair

Slide3Hair Functions• Helping to maintain warmth – Cold stimulates muscles (arrector pili) to erect hairs which traps warm body heat next to skin • Alerting the body to presence of insects on the skin – root hair plexus (sensory nerve endings) wraps around each hair bulb • Bending a hair stimulates these endings • hairs act as sensitive touch receptors • Guarding the scalp against physical trauma, heat loss, and sunlight

Slide4Hair Distribution & Types• Distribution – Hair is found over the entire skin surface except: • Palms, soles, and lips • Nipples and portions of the external genitalia • Hair Types: – Vellus – • pale, fine body hair • found in children and the adult female – Terminal – • coarse, long hair of eyebrows, scalp, axillary, and pubic regions

Slide5Hair Thinning and Baldness• Alopecia – hair thinning in both sexes • True, or frank, baldness – Genetically determined and sex-influenced condition – Male pattern baldness – caused by follicular response to DHT

Slide6Hair• strands of dead keratinized cells – Has hard keratin which is tougher and more durable  than soft keratin of the skin – produced by hair follicles • Color comes from melanocytes at the base of the hair

Slide7Hair Follicle• Root sheath extending from the epidermal surface into the dermis – 4 layers thick (from inside out): • Internal epithelial root sheath • External epithelial root sheath • Glassy membrane • Connective tissue root sheaths • Deep end of follicle forms a hair papilla where shaft grows out of

Slide8Hair FollicleFigure 5.5c

Slide9Hair Shaft• Consists of 3 parts – Medulla- middle column – Cortex- surrounds medulla, contains color (pigment granules) – Cuticle- outermost layer, made of overlapping cells (scales)

Slide10Glands

Slide11Sweat Glands• Eccrine sweat glands – – found in palms, soles of the feet, and forehead • Apocrine sweat glands – – found in axillary (armpit) and anogenital areas • Ceruminous glands – – modified apocrine glands – in external ear canal – secretes cerumen (ear wax) • Mammary glands – – specialized sweat glands that secrete milk

Slide12Sebaceous Glands• Found all over the body • Soften skin when stimulated by hormones • Secrete an oily secretion called sebum – Found near hair follicles

Slide13Fingernails

Slide14Structure of a Nail• Scalelike modification of the epidermis on the distal, dorsal surface of fingers and toes Figure 5.6