Functions of Hair in the Integumentary System Accessories


Hair is an integral part of the integumentary system accessories that serves multiple functions. One of the crucial functions is helping maintain warmth in the body. During cold weather,
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About Functions of Hair in the Integumentary System Accessories
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Slide1Integumentary SystemAccessories
Slide2Hair
Slide3Hair Functions• Helping to maintain warmth – Cold stimulates muscles (arrector pili) to erect hairs which traps warm body heat next to skin • Alerting the body to presence of insects on the skin – root hair plexus (sensory nerve endings) wraps around each hair bulb • Bending a hair stimulates these endings • hairs act as sensitive touch receptors • Guarding the scalp against physical trauma, heat loss, and sunlight
Slide4Hair Distribution & Types• Distribution – Hair is found over the entire skin surface except: • Palms, soles, and lips • Nipples and portions of the external genitalia • Hair Types: – Vellus – • pale, fine body hair • found in children and the adult female – Terminal – • coarse, long hair of eyebrows, scalp, axillary, and pubic regions
Slide5Hair Thinning and Baldness• Alopecia – hair thinning in both sexes • True, or frank, baldness – Genetically determined and sex-influenced condition – Male pattern baldness – caused by follicular response to DHT
Slide6Hair• strands of dead keratinized cells – Has hard keratin which is tougher and more durable than soft keratin of the skin – produced by hair follicles • Color comes from melanocytes at the base of the hair
Slide7Hair Follicle• Root sheath extending from the epidermal surface into the dermis – 4 layers thick (from inside out): • Internal epithelial root sheath • External epithelial root sheath • Glassy membrane • Connective tissue root sheaths • Deep end of follicle forms a hair papilla where shaft grows out of
Slide8Hair FollicleFigure 5.5c
Slide9Hair Shaft• Consists of 3 parts – Medulla- middle column – Cortex- surrounds medulla, contains color (pigment granules) – Cuticle- outermost layer, made of overlapping cells (scales)
Slide10Glands
Slide11Sweat Glands• Eccrine sweat glands – – found in palms, soles of the feet, and forehead • Apocrine sweat glands – – found in axillary (armpit) and anogenital areas • Ceruminous glands – – modified apocrine glands – in external ear canal – secretes cerumen (ear wax) • Mammary glands – – specialized sweat glands that secrete milk
Slide12Sebaceous Glands• Found all over the body • Soften skin when stimulated by hormones • Secrete an oily secretion called sebum – Found near hair follicles
Slide13Fingernails
Slide14Structure of a Nail• Scalelike modification of the epidermis on the distal, dorsal surface of fingers and toes Figure 5.6