Finding the Best Evidence: Formulating a Focused Question and Search Strategy

Finding the Best Evidence: Formulating a Focused Question and Search Strategy
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Learn how to formulate a focused question and turn it into a search strategy using TRIP and PubMed. Example scenario: "What's the evidence for prescribing antibiotics for a bad throat?"

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Slide1Owen CoxallUniversity of Oxford Bodleian Health Care Libraries Finding the Best Evidence

Slide2Session objectives Formulate a focused question  Turn a focused question into a search strategy  Search TRIP & PubMed

Slide3Formulate a focussedquestion P atient /  P roblem /  P opulation I ntervention C omparison O utcome

Slide4ScenarioGerry,  has had a bad throat for a few days and it’s making him feel miserable. He goes to his friendly GP wanting some antibiotics. However, his doctor isn’t sure whether there’s any benefit in prescribing them. What’s the evidence?

Slide5Focused questionP : sore throat I : antibiotics C : no antibiotics O : symptom relief Are antibiotics effective in relieving symptoms of sore throat?

Slide6Quick searchDemonstration www.tripdatabase.com

Slide7Hands-on Formulate a focused question  Use your own question or one of the examples in your workbook  Record the search terms you’re using  Run a quick search on TRIP www.tripdatabase.com

Slide8Run a full search strategyWhy bother?  Too few results  Too many results  Irrelevant results  Submitting a funding proposal  Writing a guideline  Conducting a systematic review

Slide9Develop a search strategyUsing  OR  then  AND to  broaden  then  focus  the search P I O Sore throat* or tonsillitis or pharyngitis Antibiotic*   or antibacterial* or penicillin Symptom relief or Symptom alleviation and and

Slide10Combine terms withOR pharyngitis Sore throat Pharyngitis OR sore throat – either term can be present

Slide11Combine terms withAND Antibiotics AND sore throat – both terms must be present      sore throat antibiotics

Slide12PubMed demonstrationwww.pubmed.gov

Slide13Searching tips:PubMed Subject searching - use MeSH  Subject headings added to articles on Medline  Search the MeSH Database  Finding similar articles – use the ‘Related articles’ link

Slide14Hands-on Take your focused question:  Run further searches on PubMed http://www.pubmed.gov

Slide15The Cochrane Library Specialist database including articles on clinical and cost effectiveness of interventions:  Systematic reviews – Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews & DARE  RCTs – Central  Economic evaluations - NHSEED  Free access in the UK at http://www.thecochranelibrary.com  Other countries check “access options” at http://www.cochrane.org

Slide16The Cochrane Library:www.thecochranelibrary.com

Slide17Hands-on Take your focused question:  Run a search on the Cochrane Library http://www.thecochranelibrary.com

Slide18Help PubMed  Short online tutorials  Quick guides to PubMed – basics, MeSH search and MyNCBI http://www.nlm.nih.gov/bsd/disted/pubmed.html  The Cochrane Library  Online tutorial – several languages http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/aboutus/demo/  User guides – several languages http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi- bin/mrwhome/106568753/HELP_Cochrane.html

Slide19Resources Cochrane Library www.thecochranelibrary.com  PubMed www.pubmed.gov  TRIP www.tripdatabase.com  Other sources – CEBM web-site – EBM tools www.cebm.net