Precipitation Reactions: Understanding Double Replacement Reactions

Precipitation Reactions: Understanding Double Replacement Reactions
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Precipitation reactions occur when two compounds in aqueous solution exchange ions to form two new compounds - AX, BY, AY, BX. Typically, one of these

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Slide1Precipitation Reactions Precipitation  Reactions Graphic: Wikimedia Commons User Tubifex

Slide2Double Replacement ReactionsThe ions of two compounds  exchange places in an aqueous solution to form two new compounds. AX  +  BY     AY  +  BX One of the compounds formed is usually a precipitate  (an insoluble solid), an insoluble gas  that bubbles out of solution, or a molecular compound, usually  water .

Slide3Double replacement forming a precipitate… Pb(NO 3 ) 2 (aq) + 2KI(aq)    PbI 2 (s) + 2KNO 3 (aq) Pb 2+ (aq) + 2 NO 3 - (aq) + 2 K + (aq) +2 I - (aq)    PbI 2 (s) + 2K + (aq) + 2 NO 3 - (aq) Pb 2+ (aq)  +  2  I - (aq)     PbI 2 (s) Pb 2+ (aq)  +  2  I - (aq)     PbI 2 (s) Double replacement (ionic) equation Complete ionic equation shows compounds as aqueous ions Net ionic equation eliminates the spectator ions Lead(II) nitrate + potassium iodide    lead(II) iodide + potassium nitrate

Slide4Solubility Rules  –  AP  Chemistry Solubility  Rules  –  AP  Chemistry All sodium, potassium, ammonium, and nitrate salts are soluble in water. Memorization of other “solubility rules” is beyond the scope of this course and the AP Exam. Therefore, the following slides are only for your amusement, and will not be tested  

Slide5Solubility Rules  –  Mostly  Soluble Solubility  Rules  –  Mostly  Soluble

Slide6Solubility Rules  –  Mostly  Insoluble Solubility  Rules  –  Mostly  Insoluble

Slide7SolubilityChart: Common salts at  25  C Solubility Chart: Common salts at  25  C S = Soluble I = Insoluble P = Partially      Soluble X = Other