Understanding Bones: Classification and Microscopic Structure

Understanding Bones: Classification and Microscopic Structure
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This article discusses the classification of bones based on their shape and size, including long bones, short bones, flat bones, irregular bones, and round bones. Additionally, it covers the microscopic structure of bones, including compact bones and spongy bones, as well as the role of osteocytes in bone tissue.

About Understanding Bones: Classification and Microscopic Structure

PowerPoint presentation about 'Understanding Bones: Classification and Microscopic Structure'. This presentation describes the topic on This article discusses the classification of bones based on their shape and size, including long bones, short bones, flat bones, irregular bones, and round bones. Additionally, it covers the microscopic structure of bones, including compact bones and spongy bones, as well as the role of osteocytes in bone tissue.. The key topics included in this slideshow are Bones, Classification, Long Bones, Short Bones, Flat Bones, Irregular Bones, Round Bones, Microscopic Structure, Compact Bones, Spongy Bones, Osteocytes,. Download this presentation absolutely free.

Presentation Transcript


1. Bones Anisha Patel Nicole Lin Isabel Jackson Mariana Zenteno

2. Bone Classification Long Bones: forearm and thigh bone Short Bones: Bones in the wrists and ankles Flat Bones: Ribs and part of the skull Irregular Bones: Bones within the vertebrae Round Bones: Knee cap

3. Microscopic Structure Compact bones No gaps, osteon units make up the Haversian systems Spongy Bones: No central canals Osteocytes: Bone cells

5. Haversian system , or osteon the structural unit of compact bone Lamella weight-bearing, column-like matrix tubes composed mainly of collagen Haversian , or central canal central channel containing blood vessels and nerves Volkmanns canals channels lying at right angles to the central canal, connecting blood and nerve supply of the periosteum to that of the Haversian canal Osteocytes mature bone cells Lacunae small cavities in bone that contain osteocytes Canaliculi hairlike canals that connect lacunae to each other and the central canal Vocabulary

7. Cells within the Bones Osteoblasts bone-forming cells Osteocytes mature bone cells Osteoclasts large cells that resorb or break down bone matrix Osteoid unmineralized bone matrix composed of proteoglycans, glycoproteins, and collagen

8. Bone Development Osteogenesis and ossification the process of bone tissue formation, which leads to: The formation of the bony skeleton in embryos Bone growth until early adulthood Bone thickness, remodeling, and repair

9. Classification of Breaks Bone fractures are classified by: The position of the bone ends after fracture The completeness of the break The orientation of the bone to the long axis Whether or not the bone ends penetrate the skin

10. Types of Fractures Greenstick incomplete and the break occurs on the convex surface of the bend in the bone Fissured an incomplete longitudinal break Comminuted fracture is complete and fragments the bone Transverse complete, and the break occurs at a right angle to the axis of the bone Oblique at an angle other than a right angle to the axis of the bone Spiral caused by twisting a bone excessively

14. Stages of a Healing Bone 1. Hematoma 2. Fibrocartilage callus forms 3. Granulation tissue (soft callus) forms a few days after the fracture 4. Capillaries grow into the tissue and phagocytic cells begin cleaning debris 5. Bony callus formation 6. Bone remodeling

16. JOINTS Fibrous Joints dense connective tissues connect bones between bones in close contact Cartilaginous Joints hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage connect bones Synovial Joints most complex allow free movement synarthrotic immovable amphiarthrotic slightly movable diarthrotic freely movable

17. Fibrous Joints 3 Types Syndesmosis Fibrous sheet that connects the bones together amphiarthrotic Suture Thin layer of connective tissue that connects two bones together Synarthrotic Gomphosis Cone shaped Synarthrotic

18. Cartilaginous Joints 2 Types Synchondrosis Hayline cartilage Synarthrotic Symphysis Pad of fibrocartilage that lies between two bones Amphiarthrotic

19. Synovial Joints Diarthrotic Contains Synovial Fluid

20. Types of Synovial Joints Ball-and-Socket joint Hip or shoulder Condyloid Joint Joints in the Metacarpals and Phalanges

21. Gliding Joint Between Carpals and tarsals Hinge Joint Elbow

22. Pivot Joint Between the radius and Ulna Saddle Joint Between carpals and metacarpals

23. Joint Disorders Sprains damage to cartilage, ligaments, or tendons associated with joints forceful twisting of joint Bursitis inflammation of a bursa overuse of a joint Arthritis inflamed, swollen, painful joints Rheumatoid Arthritis Osteoarthritis Gout