Writing a Research Paper: Choosing and Narrowing Your Topic

Writing a Research Paper: Choosing and Narrowing Your Topic
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This guide from the Liberty University Center for Writing and Languages provides tips and strategies for choosing and narrowing your topic when writing a research paper. The guide covers the importance of starting

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Slide1Writing a  Research  Paper Writing  a  Research  Paper Liberty  University  Center  for  Writing  and  Languages Liberty  University  Center  for  Writing  and  Languages

Slide2Writing a  Research  Paper Writing  a  Research  Paper • Choosing Your Topic • Narrowing Your Topic • Writing a Thesis Statement • Creating an Outline

Slide3Choosing Your  Topic Choosing  Your  Topic

Slide4Breadth .  You may need to start broad and let your research take you narrower. • Originality .  Choose a topic that will allow you to contribute to the field, rather than just regurgitate facts. • Sources .  On the other hand, also choose a topic that has scholarly grounding. Choosing  Your  Topic Choosing  Your  Topic

Slide5Focus on a specific TYPE or CLASS • Focus on a particular PLACE or REGION • Focus on a certain TIME PERIOD • Focus on a certain ASPECT o Social, legal, medical, ethical, biological, psychological, economic, political, philosophical, etc.   • Focus on a specific POPULATION o Gender, age, occupation, ethnicity, nationality, educational attainment, species, etc. • Focus on a RELATIONSHIP with two or more topics • COMBINE different kinds of focuses Narrowing  Your  Topic Narrowing  Your  Topic

Slide6Tips:  Use journalistic questions: who?, what?, when?, where?, why?  Review recent literature (journals, trade papers, etc.)  Recall questions asked in class.  Apply your paper to your career goals.  Talk to your professor. Narrowing  Your  Topic Narrowing  Your  Topic

Slide7Thesis Statement Thesis  Statement • The thesis statement is like an outline in miniature.  It is a “roadmap” for the rest of the paper. • A typical thesis statement gives brief mention to each of the paper’s main points, and it also states the overall argument the writer wishes to make. • It directly answers the question asked of you. • It makes a claim that others might dispute. • It is usually a single sentence near the end of the first paragraph that presents your argument to the reader.

Slide8Identifying a  Strong Thesis  Statement Identifying  a  Strong Thesis  Statement • Do I answer the question? • Have I taken a position that others might challenge or oppose? • Does my thesis pass the "So what?" test? • Does my essay support my thesis specifically and without wandering? • Does my thesis pass the "how and why?" test?

Slide9Thesis Statement  Examples Thesis  Statement  Examples   Essay Topic:   Compare and contrast the reasons why the        North and South fought the Civil War. • Poor Example:  “ The North and South fought the Civil War for many reasons, some of which were the same and some different.” • Better Example:  “ While both sides fought the Civil War over the issue of slavery, the North fought for moral reasons while the South fought to preserve its own institutions.” • Best Example:  “ While both Northerners and Southerners believed they fought against tyranny and oppression, Northerners focused on the oppression of slaves while Southerners defended their own right to self-government.”

Slide10Thesis Statement  Examples Thesis  Statement  Examples   Essay Topic:  Write an analysis of some aspect of Mark     Twain's novel  Huckleberry Finn. • Poor Example:  “ Mark Twain's  Huckleberry Finn  is a great American novel. ” • Better Example:  “ In  Huckleberry Finn , Mark Twain develops a contrast between life on the river and life on the shore.” • Best Example:  “ Through its contrasting river and shore scenes, Twain's  Huckleberry Finn  suggests that to find the true expression of American democratic ideals, one must leave "civilized" society and go back to nature.”

Slide11The Writing  Process The  Writing  Process

Slide12Aids in the process of writing • Helps you organize your ideas • Presents your material in a logical form • Shows the relationships among ideas in your writing • Constructs an ordered overview of your writing • Defines boundaries and groups • Prevents you from “straying” from the topic Benefits  of  an  Outline Benefits  of  an  Outline

Slide13Research : Perform initial research to learn about your chosen topic. • Brainstorm : List all the ideas that you want to include in your paper. • Organize : Group related ideas together. • Order : Arrange material in subsections from general to specific or from abstract to concrete. • Label : Create main and sub headings. Creating  an  Outline Creating  an  Outline

Slide14Begin early!  A strong, detailed outline is a crucial step of the writing process. • Refer to your outline often.  A strong outline provides a consistent backbone during the writing process. • Be as specific as possible.  This will be your guide throughout the entire writing process. Outline  Tips Outline  Tips

Slide15Avoid having too many subheadings.  This may indicate that you can further narrow the topic of your paper. • Don’t be afraid to change your outline. Further research may provide additional information or counterpoints. • Allow yourself enough time to make changes.  Attempting a complete overhaul of your paper the night before it’s due is both frustrating and often futile. Outline  Tips Outline  Tips

Slide16Contact Information Contact  Information Undergraduate Writing Center undergradwriting@liberty.edu Graduate Writing Center graduatewriting@liberty.edu Online Writing Center onlinewriting@liberty.edu