Introduction to Basic Chemistry and Biochemistry

Introduction to Basic Chemistry and Biochemistry
paly

This presentation covers the basics of organic and inorganic compounds, their properties and examples, with emphasis on the importance of biochemistry in sustaining life.

  • Uploaded on | 0 Views
  • luca luca

About Introduction to Basic Chemistry and Biochemistry

PowerPoint presentation about 'Introduction to Basic Chemistry and Biochemistry'. This presentation describes the topic on This presentation covers the basics of organic and inorganic compounds, their properties and examples, with emphasis on the importance of biochemistry in sustaining life.. The key topics included in this slideshow are . Download this presentation absolutely free.

Presentation Transcript


1. Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slides 2.21 – 2.40 Seventh Edition Elaine N. Marieb Chapter 2 Basic Chemistry Lecture Slides in PowerPoint by Jerry L. Cook

2. Biochemistry: Essentials for Life Biochemistry: Essentials for Life Slide 2.21 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings • Organic compounds • Contain carbon • Most are covalently bonded • Example: C 6 H 12 O 6 (glucose) • Inorganic compounds • Lack carbon • Tend to be simpler compounds • Example: H 2 O (water)

3. Important Inorganic Compounds Important Inorganic Compounds Slide 2.22 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings • Water • Most abundant inorganic compounds • Vital properties • High heat capacity • Polarity/solvent properties • Chemical reactivity • Cushioning

4. Important Inorganic Compounds Important Inorganic Compounds Slide 2.23 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings • Salts • Easily dissociate into ions in the presence of water • Vital to many body functions • Include electrolytes which conduct electrical currents

5. Important Inorganic Compounds Important Inorganic Compounds Slide 2.24 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings • Acids • Can release detectable hydrogen ions • Bases • Proton acceptors • Neutralization reaction • Acids and bases react to form water and a salt

6. pH pH Slide 2.25 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings • Measures relative concentration of hydrogen ions • pH 7 = neutral • pH below 7 = acidic • pH above 7 = basic • Buffers • Chemicals that can regulate pH change Figure 2.11

7. Important Organic Compounds Important Organic Compounds Slide 2.26 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings • Carbohydrates • Contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen • Include sugars and starches • Classified according to size • Monosaccharides – simple sugars • Disaccharides – two simple sugars joined by dehydration synthesis • Polysaccharides – long branching chains of linked simple sugars

8. Carbohydrates Carbohydrates Slide 2.27 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 2.12a, b

9. Carbohydrates Carbohydrates Slide 2.28 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 2.12c

10. Important Organic Compounds Important Organic Compounds Slide 2.29 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings • Lipids • Contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen • Carbon and hydrogen outnumber oxygen • Insoluble in water

11. Important Organic Compounds Important Organic Compounds Slide 2.30a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings • Common lipids in the human body • Neutral fats (triglycerides) • Found in fat deposits • Composed of fatty acids and glycerol • Source of stored energy

12. Important Organic Compounds Important Organic Compounds Slide 2.30b Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings • Common lipids in the human body (continued) • Phospholipids • Form cell membranes • Steroids • Include cholesterol, bile salts, vitamin D, and some hormones

13. Slide 2.31 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 2.14a, b Lipids Lipids

14. Slide 2.32 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 2.14c Cholesterol Cholesterol

15. Important Organic Compounds Important Organic Compounds Slide 2.33a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings • Proteins • Made of amino acids • Contain carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur

16. Important Organic Compounds Important Organic Compounds Slide 2.33b Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings • Account for over half of the body ’ s organic matter • Provides for construction materials for body tissues • Plays a vital role in cell function • Act as enzymes, hormones, and antibodies

17. Enzymes Enzymes Slide 2.34 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings • Act as biological catalysts • Increase the rate of chemical reactions Figure 2.16

18. Important Organic Compounds Important Organic Compounds Slide 2.35 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings • Nucleic Acids • Provide blueprint of life • Nucleotide bases • A = Adenine • G = Guanine • C = Cytosine • T = Thymine • U = Uracil • Make DNA and RNA

19. Important Organic Compounds Important Organic Compounds Slide 2.36 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings • Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) • Organized by complimentary bases to form double helix • Replicates before cell division • Provides instruction for every protein in the body Figure 2.17c

20. Important Organic Compounds Important Organic Compounds Slide 2.37 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings • Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) • Chemical energy used by all cells • Energy is released by breaking high energy phosphate bond • ATP is replenished by oxidation of food fuels

21. Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) Slide 2.38 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 2.18a

22. How ATP Drives Cellular Work How ATP Drives Cellular Work Slide 2.39 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 2.19