Quick Review of World War I: The Causes

Quick Review of World War I: The Causes
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This article provides a quick review of the main causes of World War I. Firstly, the article explains the alliance system that was in place at the time, which saw the Triple Ent

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Slide1QUICK REVIEW OF WORLD WAR I

Slide2THE CAUSES1. THE ALLIANCE SYSTEM a) The Triple Entente : Russia, France, Britain ( ENTENTE CORDIALE/ALLIES) *Italy, USA, British Colonies b) The Triple Alliance:  Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy* (Central Powers) (Turkey and Bulgaria)

Slide52.  Militarisma) building up armed forces,   getting ready for war. b) Naval Rivalry between Britain and Germany c) France and Germany in an Arms Race

Slide63. Imperialisma) France: wanted lost territory—Alsace/Lorraine), parts of Africa (Morocco). b) Germany: wanted her own Empire, which conflicted with France and Russia—Africa and Balkans. c) Austria-Hungary: wanted territory—Bosnia (Parts of the Ottoman Empire) d) Russia: wanted the Dardanelles—a trade route from the Black Sea to the Mediterranean Sea. e) Britain: wanted to keep Gibraltar.

Slide84.  Nationalisma) A-H: made up of a variety of ethnicities. Bosnians were SLAVIC/SERBIAN (affiliated with Russia—religion and ethnicity) b) Germany: nationalism encouraged by Kaiser Wilhelm II (same ethnicity as A-H) c) Britain and France:  intense pride in their nation

Slide9Steps1. Series of Moroccan Crises 2. A-H annexation of Bosnia 3. Assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand on  June 28 th , 1914 by Gavrilo Princip—a Serb nationalist (Black Hand)

Slide10Europe in 1914

Slide11WWI Images

Slide12To decide what to do, the ‘big three’met.

Slide13THREE PERSPECTIVES ON THEPARIS PEACE CONFERENCES The Treaty of Versailles

Slide14George Clemenceau:• Realist • Wants: – dismember Germany – revenge – guaranteed safety – stripped of industry and armed forces • People: supported him • What excerpts from Treaty did he support? – War Guilt Clause – Alsace and Lorraine – Military restrictions – de-militarized Rhine valley – Forbid reunification of Austria and Germany

Slide15Woodrow Wilson• Idealist • Wants: – just and lasting peace – creation of the League of Nations – Democracy • People: – didn’t support him – Treaty of Versailles defeated by US Senate WHY? • What excerpts from Treaty did he support? – League of Nations – Constitution of League – Alsace and Lorraine – Disarmament

Slide16Lloyd George• Middle of the Road • Wants: – revenge and reparations—but do not cripple Germany – feared refugees and communism – wanted a trading partner in Germany • People:  supported him • What excerpts from Treaty did he support? – War Guilt Clause – Military restrictions – surrender merchant fleet – League of Nations mandates

Slide18SELF-DETERMINATION• Former Yugoslavia • Former Soviet Union • Middle East—Palestine • Russia and Chechens • China and Tibet • Kurds in Iraq • WWII-German people in Austria and Poland and Sudetenland

Slide26 SOCIAL EFFECTS: • WOMEN: – Roles changed—factory and office workers – Right to Vote – Social and Political Power were exercised i.e. Women’s Christian Temperance Movement – Gained Social Freedom—changing clothes • URBANIZATION: – Move to cities – Automobiles became important – With automobile leisure time became important, teenagers

Slide27ECONOMIC EFFECTS:• Very expensive—industrialization • Allies owed money to the US • German and Russian economies in ruin

Slide28POLITICAL EFFECTS:• Balance of Power and Alliance system destroyed • Autocracies collapsed—where one ruler wields power—Kaiser Wilhelm/Germany; Tsar Nicholas II/Russia • Russia became communist (we will learn about this in a few days)

Slide29FALLOUT FROM WWI:• Rise of Nazism in Germany • Rise of Fascism in Italy • Failures of the League of Nations • The Second World War