Nationalism and Unification in Europe

Nationalism and Unification in Europe
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This section of "HOLTHOLT World History" covers the rise of nationalism and the process of unification in Europe during the 19th century. Specifically, it focuses on the un

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Slide1HOLTHOLT   World  History   World  History THE  HUMAN  JOURNEY THE  HUMAN  JOURNEY HOLT, RINEHART  AND  WINSTON Nationalism  in  Europe Nationalism  in  Europe Section  1: The  Unification  of  Italy Section  1: The  Unification  of  Italy Section  2: The  Unification  of  Germany Section  2: The  Unification  of  Germany Section  3: Opposition  to  Bismarck Section  3: Opposition  to  Bismarck Section  4: Reform  and  Revolution  in  Russia Section  4: Reform  and  Revolution  in  Russia Section  5: Unrest  in  Austria-Hungary Section  5: Unrest  in  Austria-Hungary CHAPTER 25

Slide2HOLTHOLT   World  History   World  History THE  HUMAN  JOURNEY THE  HUMAN  JOURNEY HOLT, RINEHART  AND  WINSTON 2 Objectives: Objectives:  Describe  the  events  that  led  to  nationalistic movements  for  unification  in  Italy.  Describe  the  events  that  led  to  nationalistic movements  for  unification  in  Italy.  Identify  the  important  leaders  in  the  fight  for  the unification  of  Italy.  Identify  the  important  leaders  in  the  fight  for  the unification  of  Italy.  Explain  the  problems  Italy  faced  after  unification.  Explain  the  problems  Italy  faced  after  unification. Section  1: Section  1: The  Unification  of  Italy The  Unification  of  Italy

Slide3HOLTHOLT   World  History   World  History THE  HUMAN  JOURNEY THE  HUMAN  JOURNEY HOLT, RINEHART  AND  WINSTON 3 Liberals  and  Nationalists  in  Italy Liberals  and  Nationalists  in  Italy  Risorgimento  –  goals  were  liberation  and unification  Risorgimento  –  goals  were  liberation  and unification  Young  Italy  movement  –  wanted  a  republic  to rule  Italy  Young  Italy  movement  –  wanted  a  republic  to rule  Italy  Revolts  in  several  Italian  states  failed  Revolts  in  several  Italian  states  failed Section  1: Section  1: The  Unification  of  Italy The  Unification  of  Italy

Slide4HOLTHOLT   World  History   World  History THE  HUMAN  JOURNEY THE  HUMAN  JOURNEY HOLT, RINEHART  AND  WINSTON 4 Sardinia,  France,  and  Austria Sardinia,  France,  and  Austria  Cavour’s  Sardinia  –  Cavour  believed  in  separation of  church  and  state  Cavour’s  Sardinia  –  Cavour  believed  in  separation of  church  and  state  Napoléon  III  –  French  emperor,  wanted  France  to dominate  Italian  states  Napoléon  III  –  French  emperor,  wanted  France  to dominate  Italian  states  War  with  Austria  –  Cavour  and  Napoléon conspired  against  Austria,  but  neither  won dominance  War  with  Austria  –  Cavour  and  Napoléon conspired  against  Austria,  but  neither  won dominance Section  1: Section  1: The  Unification  of  Italy The  Unification  of  Italy

Slide5HOLTHOLT   World  History   World  History THE  HUMAN  JOURNEY THE  HUMAN  JOURNEY HOLT, RINEHART  AND  WINSTON 5 Garibaldi  and  the  Thousand Garibaldi  and  the  Thousand  Two  Sicilies  –  Garibaldi  and  his  army  invaded  and captured  Sicily  and  Naples,  stopped  by  Cavour  Two  Sicilies  –  Garibaldi  and  his  army  invaded  and captured  Sicily  and  Naples,  stopped  by  Cavour Section  1: Section  1: The  Unification  of  Italy The  Unification  of  Italy

Slide6HOLTHOLT   World  History   World  History THE  HUMAN  JOURNEY THE  HUMAN  JOURNEY HOLT, RINEHART  AND  WINSTON 6 Unification  and  its  Problems Unification  and  its  Problems  Cultural  traditions  Cultural  traditions  Tensions  between  industrialized  north  and agricultural  south  Tensions  between  industrialized  north  and agricultural  south Section  1: Section  1: The  Unification  of  Italy The  Unification  of  Italy

Slide7HOLTHOLT   World  History   World  History THE  HUMAN  JOURNEY THE  HUMAN  JOURNEY HOLT, RINEHART  AND  WINSTON 7 Objectives: Objectives:  Explain  how  Prussia  replaced  Austria  as  the leading  German  state  in  Europe.  Explain  how  Prussia  replaced  Austria  as  the leading  German  state  in  Europe.  Identify  the  ways  in  which  German  unification differed  from  Italian  unification.  Identify  the  ways  in  which  German  unification differed  from  Italian  unification.  Describe  the  changes  in  German  government  that occurred  as  a  result  of  unification.  Describe  the  changes  in  German  government  that occurred  as  a  result  of  unification. Section  2: Section  2: The  Unification  of  Germany The  Unification  of  Germany

Slide8HOLTHOLT   World  History   World  History THE  HUMAN  JOURNEY THE  HUMAN  JOURNEY HOLT, RINEHART  AND  WINSTON 8 Prussia  as  Leader Prussia  as  Leader  Large  army  Large  army  Efficient  government  Efficient  government  Strong  economy  Strong  economy  German  nationalism  German  nationalism Section  2: Section  2: The  Unification  of  Germany The  Unification  of  Germany

Slide9HOLTHOLT   World  History   World  History THE  HUMAN  JOURNEY THE  HUMAN  JOURNEY HOLT, RINEHART  AND  WINSTON 9 The  Zollverein The  Zollverein  Adopted  uniform  weights,  measures,  and  currency  Adopted  uniform  weights,  measures,  and  currency Section  2: Section  2: The  Unification  of  Germany The  Unification  of  Germany

Slide10HOLTHOLT   World  History   World  History THE  HUMAN  JOURNEY THE  HUMAN  JOURNEY HOLT, RINEHART  AND  WINSTON 10 Bismarck  and  Prussian  Strength Bismarck  and  Prussian  Strength  Collected  taxes  without  approval  Collected  taxes  without  approval  Ignored  constitution  Ignored  constitution Section  2: Section  2: The  Unification  of  Germany The  Unification  of  Germany

Slide11HOLTHOLT   World  History   World  History THE  HUMAN  JOURNEY THE  HUMAN  JOURNEY HOLT, RINEHART  AND  WINSTON 11 Wars  of  Unification Wars  of  Unification  The  Danish  War  –  Prussia  and  Austria  declared war  on  Denmark  over  new  Danish  constitution  The  Danish  War  –  Prussia  and  Austria  declared war  on  Denmark  over  new  Danish  constitution  The  Seven  Weeks’  War  –  ended  with  Treaty of  Prague  The  Seven  Weeks’  War  –  ended  with  Treaty of  Prague  The  Franco-Prussian  War  –  Bismarck  provoked war  with  the  French  and  defeated  them  The  Franco-Prussian  War  –  Bismarck  provoked war  with  the  French  and  defeated  them Section  2: Section  2: The  Unification  of  Germany The  Unification  of  Germany

Slide12HOLTHOLT   World  History   World  History THE  HUMAN  JOURNEY THE  HUMAN  JOURNEY HOLT, RINEHART  AND  WINSTON 12 Formation  of  the  German  Empire Formation  of  the  German  Empire  Included  all  German  states  except  Austria  Included  all  German  states  except  Austria  Bundesrat  and  Reichstag  –  made  up  legislative branch  of  new  government  Bundesrat  and  Reichstag  –  made  up  legislative branch  of  new  government  Prussian  king  ruled  Germany  and  had  most representatives  in  legislature  Prussian  king  ruled  Germany  and  had  most representatives  in  legislature Section  2: Section  2: The  Unification  of  Germany The  Unification  of  Germany

Slide13HOLTHOLT   World  History   World  History THE  HUMAN  JOURNEY THE  HUMAN  JOURNEY HOLT, RINEHART  AND  WINSTON 13 Objectives: Objectives:  Explain  the  problems  Bismarck  faced  as chancellor  of  the  German  Empire.  Explain  the  problems  Bismarck  faced  as chancellor  of  the  German  Empire.  Describe  how  Germany  became  industrialized under  Bismarck’s  leadership.  Describe  how  Germany  became  industrialized under  Bismarck’s  leadership.  Identify  the  factors  that  led  to  the  decline  of Bismarck’s  power  as  chancellor.  Identify  the  factors  that  led  to  the  decline  of Bismarck’s  power  as  chancellor. Section  3: Section  3: Opposition  to  Bismarck Opposition  to  Bismarck

Slide14HOLTHOLT   World  History   World  History THE  HUMAN  JOURNEY THE  HUMAN  JOURNEY HOLT, RINEHART  AND  WINSTON 14 Problems  for  the  Empire Problems  for  the  Empire  Political  groups  opposed  Bismarck’s  policies  Political  groups  opposed  Bismarck’s  policies  Tension  between  Prussia  and  other  German  states  Tension  between  Prussia  and  other  German  states  Kulturkampf  –  anti-Catholic  program,  ended  so Bismarck  could  gain  support  of  Centre  Party  Kulturkampf  –  anti-Catholic  program,  ended  so Bismarck  could  gain  support  of  Centre  Party Section  3: Section  3: Opposition  to  Bismarck Opposition  to  Bismarck

Slide15HOLTHOLT   World  History   World  History THE  HUMAN  JOURNEY THE  HUMAN  JOURNEY HOLT, RINEHART  AND  WINSTON 15 Industrial  Development  under  Bismarck Industrial  Development  under  Bismarck  Standardized  money  and  banking  laws  Standardized  money  and  banking  laws  Centralized  postal  and  telegraph  services  Centralized  postal  and  telegraph  services  Encouraged  cartels  Encouraged  cartels Section  3: Section  3: Opposition  to  Bismarck Opposition  to  Bismarck

Slide16HOLTHOLT   World  History   World  History THE  HUMAN  JOURNEY THE  HUMAN  JOURNEY HOLT, RINEHART  AND  WINSTON 16 Socialism  in  Germany Socialism  in  Germany  Social  Democratic  Party  –  most  were  urban workers;  twelve  members  of  Reichstag;  opposed by  Bundesrat  Social  Democratic  Party  –  most  were  urban workers;  twelve  members  of  Reichstag;  opposed by  Bundesrat Section  3: Section  3: Opposition  to  Bismarck Opposition  to  Bismarck

Slide17HOLTHOLT   World  History   World  History THE  HUMAN  JOURNEY THE  HUMAN  JOURNEY HOLT, RINEHART  AND  WINSTON 17 Bismarck’s  Antisocialist  Campaign Bismarck’s  Antisocialist  Campaign  Government-directed  social  reforms  –  did  not  end socialism,  but  reduced  workers’  grievances  Government-directed  social  reforms  –  did  not  end socialism,  but  reduced  workers’  grievances Section  3: Section  3: Opposition  to  Bismarck Opposition  to  Bismarck

Slide18HOLTHOLT   World  History   World  History THE  HUMAN  JOURNEY THE  HUMAN  JOURNEY HOLT, RINEHART  AND  WINSTON 18 The  Resignation  of  Bismarck The  Resignation  of  Bismarck  William  II  –  conservative,  absolute  authority  of monarch;  accepted  Bismarck’s  resignation  William  II  –  conservative,  absolute  authority  of monarch;  accepted  Bismarck’s  resignation Section  3: Section  3: Opposition  to  Bismarck Opposition  to  Bismarck

Slide19HOLTHOLT   World  History   World  History THE  HUMAN  JOURNEY THE  HUMAN  JOURNEY HOLT, RINEHART  AND  WINSTON 19 Objectives: Objectives:  Explain  the  geographical  and  cultural  factors  that made  Russia  different  from  the  rest  of  Europe.  Explain  the  geographical  and  cultural  factors  that made  Russia  different  from  the  rest  of  Europe.  Describe  the  characteristics  of  Russian  domestic and  foreign  policies.  Describe  the  characteristics  of  Russian  domestic and  foreign  policies.  Identify  the  reform  movements  that  occurred  in Russia  and  their  results.  Identify  the  reform  movements  that  occurred  in Russia  and  their  results. Section  4: Section  4: Reform  and  Revolution  in  Russia Reform  and  Revolution  in  Russia

Slide20HOLTHOLT   World  History   World  History THE  HUMAN  JOURNEY THE  HUMAN  JOURNEY HOLT, RINEHART  AND  WINSTON 20 The  Russian  Empire The  Russian  Empire  Undeveloped  resources  Undeveloped  resources  Lack  of  ports  Lack  of  ports  Diversity  of  population  Diversity  of  population Section  4: Section  4: Reform  and  Revolution  in  Russia Reform  and  Revolution  in  Russia

Slide21HOLTHOLT   World  History   World  History THE  HUMAN  JOURNEY THE  HUMAN  JOURNEY HOLT, RINEHART  AND  WINSTON 21 Russian  Domestic  and  Foreign  Policies Russian  Domestic  and  Foreign  Policies  Czar  had  absolute  power  Czar  had  absolute  power  “Russification”  –  forced  non-Russian  citizens  to adopt  Russian  customs  “Russification”  –  forced  non-Russian  citizens  to adopt  Russian  customs  Pan-Slavism  Pan-Slavism  Southward  expansion  led  to  defeat  in  the Crimean  War  Southward  expansion  led  to  defeat  in  the Crimean  War Section  4: Section  4: Reform  and  Revolution  in  Russia Reform  and  Revolution  in  Russia

Slide22HOLTHOLT   World  History   World  History THE  HUMAN  JOURNEY THE  HUMAN  JOURNEY HOLT, RINEHART  AND  WINSTON 22 Alexander  II  and  Reforms Alexander  II  and  Reforms  Emancipation  for  the  serfs  –  moved  to  cities  and became  cheap  sources  of  labor  Emancipation  for  the  serfs  –  moved  to  cities  and became  cheap  sources  of  labor  Alexander  II’s  other  reforms  –  provincial  and county-level  councils,  civil  and  criminal  courts, limited  power  of  secret  police,  expanded education,  reorganized  military  Alexander  II’s  other  reforms  –  provincial  and county-level  councils,  civil  and  criminal  courts, limited  power  of  secret  police,  expanded education,  reorganized  military Section  4: Section  4: Reform  and  Revolution  in  Russia Reform  and  Revolution  in  Russia

Slide23HOLTHOLT   World  History   World  History THE  HUMAN  JOURNEY THE  HUMAN  JOURNEY HOLT, RINEHART  AND  WINSTON 23 Radicals  and  Government  Reaction Radicals  and  Government  Reaction  Terrorist  attacks  –  bombings  and  assassinations  by political  groups  Terrorist  attacks  –  bombings  and  assassinations  by political  groups  Time  of  repression  –  censorship,  control  of  church and  education,  spies  and  informers,  imprisonment and  exile  Time  of  repression  –  censorship,  control  of  church and  education,  spies  and  informers,  imprisonment and  exile Section  4: Section  4: Reform  and  Revolution  in  Russia Reform  and  Revolution  in  Russia

Slide24HOLTHOLT   World  History   World  History THE  HUMAN  JOURNEY THE  HUMAN  JOURNEY HOLT, RINEHART  AND  WINSTON 24 The  Revolution  of  1905 The  Revolution  of  1905  “Bloody  Sunday”  –  czar’s  troops  shot  unarmed strikers;  mutinies  in  army  and  navy  “Bloody  Sunday”  –  czar’s  troops  shot  unarmed strikers;  mutinies  in  army  and  navy  October  Manifesto  –  promised  individual  liberties, but  autocracy  continued  October  Manifesto  –  promised  individual  liberties, but  autocracy  continued  Failed  to  overthrow  czar  Failed  to  overthrow  czar Section  4: Section  4: Reform  and  Revolution  in  Russia Reform  and  Revolution  in  Russia

Slide25HOLTHOLT   World  History   World  History THE  HUMAN  JOURNEY THE  HUMAN  JOURNEY HOLT, RINEHART  AND  WINSTON 25 Section  5:  Objectives: Section  5:  Objectives:  Explain  what  led  to  the  formation  of  the  Dual Monarchy  and  what  problems  it  faced.  Explain  what  led  to  the  formation  of  the  Dual Monarchy  and  what  problems  it  faced.  Describe  how  the  decline  of  the  Ottoman  Empire affected  European  politics.  Describe  how  the  decline  of  the  Ottoman  Empire affected  European  politics.  Discuss  how  ethnic  clashes  in  southern  Europe  set the  stage  for  a  showdown  among  the  major  powers.  Discuss  how  ethnic  clashes  in  southern  Europe  set the  stage  for  a  showdown  among  the  major  powers. Section  5: Section  5: Unrest  in  Austria-Hungary Unrest  in  Austria-Hungary

Slide26HOLTHOLT   World  History   World  History THE  HUMAN  JOURNEY THE  HUMAN  JOURNEY HOLT, RINEHART  AND  WINSTON 26 Results  of  the  Uprisings Results  of  the  Uprisings  Metternich  resigned  after  revolts  Metternich  resigned  after  revolts  Magyars  dominated  Hungary  Magyars  dominated  Hungary Section  5: Section  5: Unrest  in  Austria-Hungary Unrest  in  Austria-Hungary

Slide27HOLTHOLT   World  History   World  History THE  HUMAN  JOURNEY THE  HUMAN  JOURNEY HOLT, RINEHART  AND  WINSTON 27 Formation  of  the  Dual  Monarchy Formation  of  the  Dual  Monarchy  Austria-Hungary  –  had  ministries  for  war,  finance, and  foreign  affairs;  each  had  own  parliament  Austria-Hungary  –  had  ministries  for  war,  finance, and  foreign  affairs;  each  had  own  parliament Section  5: Section  5: Unrest  in  Austria-Hungary Unrest  in  Austria-Hungary

Slide28HOLTHOLT   World  History   World  History THE  HUMAN  JOURNEY THE  HUMAN  JOURNEY HOLT, RINEHART  AND  WINSTON 28 The  Ottoman  Empire  and  the  Balkans The  Ottoman  Empire  and  the  Balkans  Military  defeats  Military  defeats  Diverse  peoples  in  Balkans  desired  and  won self-rule  Diverse  peoples  in  Balkans  desired  and  won self-rule  Russia  supported  Balkan  independence  Russia  supported  Balkan  independence  Great  Britain  supported  suppression  of  self-rule  Great  Britain  supported  suppression  of  self-rule Section  5: Section  5: Unrest  in  Austria-Hungary Unrest  in  Austria-Hungary

Slide29HOLTHOLT   World  History   World  History THE  HUMAN  JOURNEY THE  HUMAN  JOURNEY HOLT, RINEHART  AND  WINSTON 29 The  Congress  of  Berlin  and  the  Balkan  Wars The  Congress  of  Berlin  and  the  Balkan  Wars  Treaty  of  Stefano  –  granted  independence  to several  Balkan  territories  Treaty  of  Stefano  –  granted  independence  to several  Balkan  territories  Balkan  League  –  Balkan  nations  who  united  to declare  war  on  Ottoman  Empire;  Balkans  won  but fought  a  second  war  over  division  of  lands  Balkan  League  –  Balkan  nations  who  united  to declare  war  on  Ottoman  Empire;  Balkans  won  but fought  a  second  war  over  division  of  lands Section  5: Section  5: Unrest  in  Austria-Hungary Unrest  in  Austria-Hungary