An Overview of State Legislatures, Election Districts, and Representation

An Overview of State Legislatures, Election Districts, and Representation
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State legislatures are the legislative bodies that are responsible for passing laws and making decisions on behalf of their respective states. Almost all state legislatures are bicameral

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Slide2State Legislatures Almost all are bicameral  Bicameral = two house legislature Unicameral = one house legislature Nebraska is the only state with a unicameral legislature.

Slide3Election Districts Each state divides itself into different election districts.  MN does the same.  We are currently being represented by Bill Ingebrigtsen (Senate 11) and Torrey Westrom (House District 11A)

Slide5What determines district size? It used to be that land regions used to determine election district size.  This resulted in unequal population sizes within the districts.  Reynolds v. Sims Supreme Court Case ruled that “one person, one vote.” (1964)

Slide6Apportionment The distribution of legislative seats according to population.  After a census we go through “reapportionment” establishing new district lines for the legislative districts.

Slide7Office Requirements Just like the Constitution of the United States sets the qualifications for the Senators and the House of Representatives, the state constitutions set the qualifications for state offices.

Slide8Minnesota Senate Senators serve for four year terms.  They get paid $31,140.  $96 per day they are reimbursed for living expenses (food, hotel, gas, etc….)  They can get paid 7 days a week if they choose.

Slide9Qualifications for a MN StateSenator  To be eligible to run for the  Minnesota State Senate in 2012, a candidate must be: [9]  Eligible to vote in Minnesota  Have not filed for more than one office for the upcoming primary or general election  At least 21 years old by January 3, 2013  A resident of Minnesota for a least one year  A resident of the legislative district for at least 6 months before the election.

Slide10MN State House Members $31,140 annually with the $77 per diem.  2 year terms

Slide11Qualifications for MN State Houseof Representatives  To be eligible to run for the  Minnesota House of Representatives  in 2012, a candidate must be: [9]  Eligible to vote in Minnesota  Have not filed for more than one office for the upcoming primary or general election  At least 21 years old by January 3, 2013  A resident of Minnesota for a least one year  A resident of the legislative district for at least 6 months before the election.

Slide12The legislative duties are verysimilar to the federal responsibilities.  They pass bills.  The process is very similar to the process of the federal process.  The key offices are similar.

Slide13Line-Item Veto The governor can approve certain parts of the bill and veto others.

Slide14The Veto Process and Powers ofthe Governor  Once a bill has passed both the House and the Senate in identical form, it's ready to be sent to the governor for consideration. The governor has several options when considering a bill. The governor can:  sign the bill and it will become law;  veto the bill;  line-item veto individual items within an appropriations bill; or  do nothing, which at the end of the biennium results in a pocket veto.

Slide15Vetoes can be overridden 2/3 vote is what is necessary to override a veto.  Rarely are vetoes overriden.

Slide16State Legislatures are asked to domany things!  State officials are afraid to raise taxes because they understand they may not be reelected.  Federal grants often help pay for programs.  As the federal government struggles to pay its own bills it will become more and more difficult for it to pay for the state programs.  As a result we will see more cuts.

Slide17Borrow or Cut Services It is expensive to borrow money and then pay interest for the money.  As services are cut it is more difficult for the states to do manage.  Legislators are struggling with the issues of crime, drug abuse, and unemployment.

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