Evidence Based Practice Workshop with Dr. Carl Heneghan


Join Dr. Carl Heneghan, Director of CEBM at the University of Oxford, for a 3-day workshop on Evidence Based Practice. Learn how to apply evidence to clinical decisions and improve patient care. Also, attend a one day program on EBP. Register now at www.cebm.net.
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About Evidence Based Practice Workshop with Dr. Carl Heneghan
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Slide1www.cebm.net3-Day workshop on Evidence-Based Practice March 26 th 2012 Dr Carl Heneghan Director CEBM Clinical Reader, University of Oxford
Slide2 www.cebm.netOne-Day EBP Workshop Program
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Slide4 www.cebm.netI am here because? I am here because? What do you hope to achieve by the end of 3 days? What do you hope to achieve by the end of 3 days?
Slide5 www.cebm.netThe aim of Day 1 1. To understand what is EBP 2. To recognize questions 3. To develop focussed clinical questions 4. To find answers to your clinical questions 5. To assess the validity of an RCT
Slide6 www.cebm.netWhat is Evidence-Based Medicine? “ Evidence-based medicine is the integration of best research evidence with clinical expertise and patient values”
Slide7 www.cebm.netThe 5 steps of EBM 1. Formulate an answerable question 2. Track down the best evidence 3. Critically appraise the evidence for validity, clinical relevance and applicability 4. Individualize, based clinical expertise and patient concerns 5. Evaluate your own performance
Slide8 www.cebm.net“Just in Time” learning The EBM Alternative Approach “Just in Time” learning The EBM Alternative Approach • Shift focus to current patient problems (“just in time” education) • Relevant to YOUR practice • Memorable • Up to date • Learn to obtain best current answers Dave Sackett
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Slide11 www.cebm.netWhy do we need EBM? A more detailed account of the MRC patulin trial is available in: Chalmers I, Clarke M. The 1944 patulin trial: the first properly controlled multicentre trial conducted under the aegis of the British Medical Research Council. International Journal of Epidemiology 2004;32:253-260
Slide12 www.cebm.netWhy do we need RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS ? In the early 1980s newly introduced antiarrhythmics were found to be highly successful at suppressing arrhythmias. Not until a RCT was performed was it realized that, although these drugs suppressed arrhythmias, they actually increased mortality. The CAST trial revealed Excess mortality of 56/1000. By the time the results of this trial were published, at least 100,000 such patients had been taking these drugs.
Slide13 www.cebm.netThe 5 steps of EBM 1. Formulate an answerable question 2. Track down the best evidence 3. Critically appraise the evidence for validity, clinical relevance and applicability 4. Individualize, based clinical expertise and patient concerns 5. Evaluate your own performance
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Slide18 www.cebm.netGetting Evidence in to Practice How do you “do” EBP? • What Evidence based practice do you do/help with? • What other EBP do you know of?
Slide19 www.cebm.netJASPA* (Journal associated score of personal angst) J: Are you ambivalent about renewing your JOURNAL s ubscriptions? A: Do you feel ANGER towards prolific authors? S: Do you ever use journals to help you SLEEP ? P: Are you surrounded by PILES of PERIODICALS ? A: Do you feel ANXIOUS when journals arrive? YOUR SCORE? (0 TO 5) * Modified from: BMJ 1995;311:1666-1668 0 (?liar) 1-3 (normal range) >3 (sick; at risk for polythenia gravis and related conditions)
Slide20 www.cebm.netMedian minutes/week spent reading about my patients: Self-reports at 17 Grand Rounds: • Medical Students: 90 minutes • House Officers (PGY1): 0 (up to 70%=none) • SHOs (PGY2-4): 20 (up to 15%=none) • Registrars: 45 (up to 40%=none) • Sr. Registrars 30 (up to 15%=none) • Consultants: • Grad. Post 1975: 45 (up to 30%=none) • Grad. Pre 1975: 30 (up to 40%=none)
Slide21 www.cebm.netHow many randomized trials are published each year
Slide22 www.cebm.netChanges in the past 12 months A Survey of EBM practitioners at 2012 EBM practice workshop
Slide23 www.cebm.netChanges in the past 12 months A Survey of 43 EBM practitioners at 2009 EBM practice workshop
Slide24 www.cebm.netManaging Information “Push” and “Pull” methods • “ Push ” - alerts us to new information • “Just in Case” learning • Use ONLY for important, new, valid research • “ Pull ” – access information when needed • “Just in Time” learning • Use whenever questions arise • EBM Steps: Question; search; appraise; apply
Slide25 www.cebm.netKeeping up to Date by “Just in Time” Education • Shift focus to your current problems • Relevant to YOUR practice • More m emorable (and practice changed) • Up to date • But Four Barriers • Admitting we don’t know • Skills in obtaining current best evidence • Evidence Resources at the point of care • Time
Slide26 www.cebm.netYour Clinical Questions • Write down one recent patient problem • What was the critical question?
Slide27 www.cebm.netAngela is a new patient who recently moved to the area to be closer to her son and his family She is 69 years old and has a history of congestive heart failure brought on by a recent myocardial infarctions. She has been hospitalized twice within the last 6 months for worsening of heart failure and has a venous leg ulcer. At the present time she reports she is extremely diligent about taking her medications (lisinopril and aspirin) and wants desperately to stay out of the hospital. She is mobile and lives alone with several cats but reports sometimes she forgets certain things. She also tells you she is a bit hard of hearing, has a slight cough, is an ex- smoker of 20 cigs a day for 40 years. Her BP today is 170/90, her ankles are slightly swollen and her ulcer is painful and her pulse is 80 and slightly irregular . What are your questions ?
Slide28 www.cebm.net‘Background’ Questions • About the disorder, test, treatment, etc. 2 components: a. Root* + Verb : “What causes …” b. Condition: “… SARS?” • * Who, What, Where, When, Why, How
Slide29 www.cebm.net‘Foreground’ Questions • About patient care decisions and actions 4 (or 3) components: a. P atient, problem, or population b. I ntervention, exposure, or maneuver c. C omparison (if relevant) d. Clinical O utcomes (including time horizon)
Slide30 www.cebm.netBackground & Foreground
Slide31 www.cebm.netPatient or Problem Intervention Comparison intervention Outcomes Tips for Building Describe a group of patients similar to your own What intervention are you considering What is the main alternative to the intervention What do you hope to accomplish with the intervention Example “In elderly patients with congestive heart failure … …does treatment with spirinolactone… …when compared with standard therapy alone… …lead to a decrease in hospitalization ”
Slide32 www.cebm.netExample 1 Jean is a 55 year old woman who quite often crosses the Atlantic to visit her elderly mother. She tends to get swollen legs on these flights and is worried about her risk of developing deep vein thrombosis (DVT), because she has read quite a bit about this in the newspapers lately. She asks you if she would wear elastic stockings on her next trip to reduce her risk of this. P I C O
Slide33 www.cebm.netHow it happens in practice?
Slide34 www.cebm.netBackground & Foreground
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Slide37 www.cebm.net‘Foreground’ Questions • About patient care and interventions 4 (or 3) components: a. P atient, problem, or population b. I ntervention, exposure, or maneuver c. C omparison (if relevant) d. Clinical O utcomes (including time horizon)
Slide38 www.cebm.netBackground & Foreground
Slide39 www.cebm.net‘Foreground’ Questions • About patient care decisions and actions 4 (or 3) components: a. In P atients with Bell’s Palsy b. Do ( I ) corticosteroids c. C ompared to placebo d. Improve facial function ( O ) at 3 months
Slide40 www.cebm.netThe 5 steps of EBM 1. Formulate an answerable question 2. Track down the best evidence 3. Critically appraise the evidence for validity, clinical relevance and applicability 4. Individualize, based clinical expertise and patient concerns 5. Evaluate your own performance
Slide41 www.cebm.netMyocardial infarction How common is the problem? Who gets it Is this diagnostic test accurate? Diagnosis What will happen if we do nothing? Prognosis Does this intervention help? Treatment benefits What are the common harms of treatment? Treatment Harms What are the rare harms Treatment Harms Is this early detection test worthwhile? Screening Bells Palsy What type of question
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Slide46 www.cebm.netYour Clinical Questions • Write down one recent patient problem • What is the PICO of the problem?
Slide47 www.cebm.netQuestions • Recognize: your questions • Select: which questions to pursue • Guide: how to ask and answer • Assess: how well & what to improve
Slide48 www.cebm.netFAQ: How Long … ? • Proficient? Quickly • Mastery? Lifetime • Human expertise takes >10,000 hours, >10 years → Deliberate practice