Exploring Trigonometry: From Right Triangles to Real Valued Functions and Wave Forms

Exploring Trigonometry: From Right Triangles to Real Valued Functions and Wave Forms
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Trigonometry is not limited to right triangles. It expands into a world of real-valued functions and wave forms. This article covers topics such as radian measure, the unit circle, trigonometric functions, larger angles, graphs of the trig functions, trigonometric identities, and solving trig equations.

About Exploring Trigonometry: From Right Triangles to Real Valued Functions and Wave Forms

PowerPoint presentation about 'Exploring Trigonometry: From Right Triangles to Real Valued Functions and Wave Forms'. This presentation describes the topic on Trigonometry is not limited to right triangles. It expands into a world of real-valued functions and wave forms. This article covers topics such as radian measure, the unit circle, trigonometric functions, larger angles, graphs of the trig functions, trigonometric identities, and solving trig equations.. The key topics included in this slideshow are Trigonometry, right triangle, radian measure, unit circle, trigonometric functions, graphs, identities, equations,. Download this presentation absolutely free.

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1. 1 Trigonometry Trigonometry begins in the right triangle, but it doesnt have to be restricted to triangles. The trigonometric functions carry the ideas of triangle trigonometry into a broader world of real-valued functions and wave forms. Trigonometry begins in the right triangle, but it doesnt have to be restricted to triangles. The trigonometric functions carry the ideas of triangle trigonometry into a broader world of real-valued functions and wave forms.

2. 2 Trigonometry Topics Radian Measure The Unit Circle Trigonometric Functions Larger Angles Graphs of the Trig Functions Trigonometric Identities Solving Trig Equations

3. 3 Radian Measure To talk about trigonometric functions, it is helpful to move to a different system of angle measure, called radian measure. A radian is the measure of a central angle whose intercepted arc is equal in length to the radius of the circle.

4. 4 Radian Measure There are 2 radians in a full rotation -- once around the circle There are 360 in a full rotation To convert from degrees to radians or radians to degrees, use the proportion

5. 5 Sample Problems Find the degree measure equivalent of radians. Find the radian measure equivalent of 210

6. 6 The Unit Circle Imagine a circle on the coordinate plane, with its center at the origin, and a radius of 1. Choose a point on the circle somewhere in quadrant I.

7. 7 The Unit Circle Connect the origin to the point, and from that point drop a perpendicular to the x -axis. This creates a right triangle with hypotenuse of 1.

8. 8 The Unit Circle The length of its legs are the x - and y - coordinates of the chosen point. Applying the definitions of the trigonometric ratios to this triangle gives x y 1 is the angle of rotation

9. 9 The Unit Circle The coordinates of the chosen point are the cosine and sine of the angle . This provides a way to define functions sin( ) and cos( ) for all real numbers . The other trigonometric functions can be defined from these.

10. 10 Trigonometric Functions x y 1 is the angle of rotation

11. 11 Around the Circle As that point moves around the unit circle into quadrants II, III, and IV, the new definitions of the trigonometric functions still hold.

12. 12 Reference Angles The angles whose terminal sides fall in quadrants II, III, and IV will have values of sine, cosine and other trig functions which are identical (except for sign) to the values of angles in quadrant I. The acute angle which produces the same values is called the reference angle.

13. 13 Reference Angles The reference angle is the angle between the terminal side and the nearest arm of the x -axis. The reference angle is the angle, with vertex at the origin, in the right triangle created by dropping a perpendicular from the point on the unit circle to the x -axis.

14. 14 Quadrant II Original angle Reference angle For an angle, , in quadrant II, the reference angle is In quadrant II, sin( ) is positive cos( ) is negative tan( ) is negative

15. 15 Quadrant III Original angle Reference angle For an angle, , in quadrant III, the reference angle is - In quadrant III, sin( ) is negative cos( ) is negative tan( ) is positive

16. 16 Quadrant IV Original angle Reference angle For an angle, , in quadrant IV, the reference angle is 2 In quadrant IV, sin( ) is negative cos( ) is positive tan( ) is negative

17. 17 All Seniors Take Calculus Use the phrase All Seniors Take Calculus to remember the signs of the trig functions in different quadrants. All Seniors Take Calculus A ll functions are positive S ine is positive T an is positive C os is positive

18. 18 Special Right Triangles

19. 19 Special Right Triangles

20. 20 The 16-Point Unit Circle

22. 22 Sine The most fundamental sine wave, y = sin(x) , has the graph shown. It fluctuates from 0 to a high of 1, down to 1, and back to 0, in a space of 2 . Graphs of the Trig Functions

23. 23 The graph of is determined by four numbers, a, b, h , and k . The amplitude, a , tells the height of each peak and the depth of each trough. The frequency, b , tells the number of full wave patterns that are completed in a space of 2 . The period of the function is The two remaining numbers, h and k , tell the translation of the wave from the origin. Graphs of the Trig Functions

24. 24 Sample Problem Which of the following equations best describes the graph shown? (A) y = 3 sin (2 x ) - 1 (B) y = 2 sin ( 4x ) (C) y = 2 sin ( 2x ) - 1 (D) y = 4 sin ( 2x ) - 1 (E) y = 3 sin ( 4x )

25. 25 Sample Problem Find the baseline between the high and low points. Graph is translated -1 vertically. Find height of each peak. Amplitude is 3 Count number of waves in 2 Frequency is 2 y = 3 sin( 2 x ) - 1

26. 26 Cosine The graph of y = cos( x ) resembles the graph of y = sin( x ) but is shifted, or translated, units to the left. It fluctuates from 1 to 0, down to 1, back to 0 and up to 1, in a space of 2 . Graphs of the Trig Functions

27. 27 Graphs of the Trig Functions The values of a , b , h, and k change the shape and location of the wave as for the sine. Amplitude a Height of each peak Frequency b Number of full wave patterns Period 2 / b Space required to complete wave Translation h , k Horizontal and vertical shift

28. 28 Which of the following equations best describes the graph? (A) y = 3cos(5 x ) + 4 (B) y = 3cos(4 x ) + 5 (C) y = 4cos(3 x ) + 5 (D) y = 5cos(3 x ) + 4 (E) y = 5sin(4 x ) + 3 Sample Problem

29. 29 Find the baseline Vertical translation + 4 Find the height of peak Amplitude = 5 Number of waves in 2 Frequency = 3 Sample Problem y = 5 cos( 3 x ) + 4

30. 30 Tangent The tangent function has a discontinuous graph, repeating in a period of . Cotangent Like the tangent, cotangent is discontinuous. Discontinuities of the cotangent are units left of those for tangent. Graphs of the Trig Functions

31. 31 Graphs of the Trig Functions Secant and Cosecant The secant and cosecant functions are the reciprocals of the cosine and sine functions respectively. Imagine each graph is balancing on the peaks and troughs of its reciprocal function.

32. 32 Trigonometric Identities An identity is an equation which is true for all values of the variable. There are many trig identities that are useful in changing the appearance of an expression. The most important ones should be committed to memory.

33. 33 Trigonometric Identities Reciprocal Identities Quotient Identities

34. 34 Trigonometric Identities Cofunction Identities The function of an angle = the cofunction of its complement.

35. 35 Trigonometric Identities Pythagorean Identities The fundamental Pythagorean identity Divide the first by sin 2 x Divide the first by cos 2 x

36. 36 Trigonometric Identities

37. 37 Trigonometric Identities -

38. 38 Solving Trig Equations Solve trigonometric equations by following these steps: If there is more than one trig function, use identities to simplify Let a variable represent the remaining function Solve the equation for this new variable Reinsert the trig function Determine the argument which will produce the desired value

39. 39 Solving Trig Equations To solving trig equations: Use identities to simplify Let variable = trig function Solve for new variable Reinsert the trig function Determine the argument

40. 40 Sample Problem Solve

41. 41 All these relationships are based on the assumption that the triangle is a right triangle. It is possible, however, to use trigonometry to solve for unknown sides or angles in non- right triangles. Law of Sines and Cosines

42. 42 In geometry, you learned that the largest angle of a triangle was opposite the longest side, and the smallest angle opposite the shortest side. The Law of Sines says that the ratio of a side to the sine of the opposite angle is constant throughout the triangle. Law of Sines

43. 43 In ABC, m A = 38 , m B = 42 , and BC = 12 cm. Find the length of side AC. Draw a diagram to see the position of the given angles and side. BC is opposite A You must find AC, the side opposite B. A B C Law of Sines

44. 44 .... Find the length of side AC. Use the Law of Sines with m A = 38 , m B = 42 , and BC = 12 Law of Sines

45. 45 Warning Warning The Law of Sines is useful when you know the sizes of two sides and one angle or two angles and one side. However, the results can be ambiguous if the given information is two sides and an angle other than the included angle (ssa).

46. 46 Law of Cosines If you apply the Law of Cosines to a right triangle, that extra term becomes zero, leaving just the Pythagorean Theorem. The Law of Cosines is most useful when you know the lengths of all three sides and need to find an angle, or when you two sides and the included angle.

47. 47 Triangle XYZ has sides of lengths 15, 22, and 35. Find the measure of the angle C. 15 22 35 C Law of Cosines

48. 48 ... Find the measure of the largest angle of the triangle. 15 22 35 Law of Cosines

49. 49 Laws of Sines and Cosines a b c B C A Law of Sines: Law of Cosines: