Hinduism Originating with the Aryans and the Indigenous People

Hinduism Originating with the Aryans and the Indigenous People
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Hinduism originated in ancient India through the mixing of cultures between the Aryans and the indigenous people, including the Harappans. This fusion of cultures brought the poly

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Slide1AncientIndia Hinduism

Slide3Hinduism• Originated with the Aryans mixing cultures with the indigenous people. – This included the Harappans. – Aryans brought the polytheistic belief. • Hindu pantheon contains over 33,000 deities. – Multiple gods are manifestations of one reality. • The Vedas. – Oldest sacred book. – Instructions for sacrifice and hymns used in ceremonies. – Source of Hindu understanding of the universe. – Created by the Aryans. – Written in Sanskrit. – Divided into four parts. – Still held in high regard today.

Slide4Hinduism• The Upanishads – The fourth section of the Vedas. – Philosophical statements that become the bases for Hindu philosophy. • Reincarnation – Souls are reborn until they reach Brahman. – Karma – Moral and political justification for caste system. – Gave hope for the poor. – Sacred cows • Value of cattle in Aryan pastoral society. • Source of money and food. – Dharma • “the Law” • Law of human behavior depending on your caste. – Concrete vision of the future.

Slide5HinduismDevotion to the three major gods. • Brahman, the creator. – Ultimate reality. – Only two temples were dedicated to him. – Depicted in red with three bearded faces. – He is a depiction of all three gods. • Vishnu, the preserver. – A god of love, benevolence, and forgiveness. – Believed to have appeared on earth in nine forms. – He will return at “the end of time”. • Siva, the destroyer. – The most popular and well know god. – Developed from the Aryan god Rudra. – The god of death, destruction, and disease. – The god of dance. – The god of vegetable, animal, and human reproduction. • “Death is but the prelude to rebirth”.

Slide6AncientIndia Buddhism

Slide9BuddhismSiddhartha Gautama • Lived from 562-483 BC. • He is sheltered from all bad things in life until he travels outside his father’s palace in 533 BC. • In the same year, he leaves the palace. – Leaves behind everything he owns and shaves his head. • Lives as a homeless wandering. – Studies under Brahman teachers – Develops his own disciples. • Reaches the “Great Enlightenment” after seven weeks of meditation. – Fully attains the status of Buddha at age 35. • His first sermon in 528 BC established Buddhism. • He creates both admirers and enemies. • He dies in present day Nepal in 483 BC from food poisoning.

Slide10Buddhism• Another interpretation of Hinduism. • Rejected the authority of the Vedas and the caste system. – Offered a vision of salvation based on individual effort. • Missionaries. – Would eventually spread through China, Japan, Korea, and Southeast Asia. • Slowly pushed aside in India by a resurgence of Hinduism. – Also hindered by the spread of  Islam. • Buddha’s teachings were based on the things he observed. • Looking at life with a straight forward approach. – The world is constantly changing, nothing is permanent. • Free yourself from attachments. • “The Three Marks of Existence” 1.  Pain 2. Impermanence 3. Egolessness

Slide11BuddhismAsoka • “Greatest ruler in the history of India.” • Originally ruled by force until becoming Buddhist. • Ruled by benevolence. – Shelters on trade routes. – Sent out Buddhist missionaries. • Empire declined after his death in 232 BC.

Slide12Buddhismthe Four Noble Truths 1. Life means suffering. – Life is frustrating and painful. – Pain, sickness, injury, tiredness, old age, and death. – “as happy moments pass by, we ourselves and out loved ones will pass away one day, too.” 2. The origin of suffering is attachment. – The reasons for suffering are desire, passion, pursuit of wealth, and prestige, striving for fame and popularity, etc. • Basically craving and clinging. – Loss of something is inevitable, as a result suffering will follow. – Objects of attachment also include “self”. • “self” is an imaginary entity, a part of the universe. 3. The cessation of suffering is attainment. – Cessation can be reached by attaining “nirodha”. • The unmaking of craving and attachment. – Suffering can be overcome by removing the cause of suffering. – Nirvana. 4. The path to the cessation of suffering. – The middle way between hedonism and asceticism. – The path is like “wandering on the of becoming”. • Every rebirth is subject to karma.

Slide13Buddhismthe Eightfold Path 1. Right View – wisdom – The beginning and the end of the path. – Right thoughts and actions. 2. Right Intention – wisdom – Commitment to ethical and mental self-improvement. – Resist the pull of desire, feeling of anger, and acts of cruelty. 3. Right Speech – ethical conduct – First principle of ethical conduct. – Abstain from lies, slanderous comments, offensive words towards others, and idle chatter. – Tell the truth, speak friendly, warm, and gently when talking to others. 4. Right Action – ethical conduct – Deeds that involve bodily actions. – Abstain from killing (including suicide), stealing, robbery, fraud, deceitfulness, dishonesty,  and sexual misconduct. – Act kindly, compassionately, honestly, respect the property of others, and respectful sexual conduct.

Slide14Buddhismthe Eightfold Path 5. Right Livelihood – ethical conduct – Money should be earned legally and peacefully. – Avoid dealing with weapons, living beings (slaughtering animals, slave trade and prostitution), meat production, and poisons (including alcohol and drugs). 6. Right Effort – mental development – The right work ethic. – Prevent the creating of evil states, abandon evil states that have already been created, create good states, and maintain good states that already exist. 7. Right Mindfulness – mental  development – Be in control of your bodies senses. – Contemplation of the body, feeling (repulsive, attractive, or neutral), the state of mind, and the phenomena. 8. Right Concentration – mental  development – The practice of meditation.