The Evolution of Communication Technology for Deaf People: From the Telephone to TTY


In 1876, Alexander Bell invented the telephone with the intention of assisting the deaf community. However, the telephone ended up isolating the deaf
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Slide1TechnologyFor Deaf People
Slide2Alexander Bell• 1876- Telephone invented by Alexander Bell • Created to assist Deaf People • Result- Deaf People are more isolated
Slide3Robert Weitbrecht• 1 9 6 4 - R o b e r t W e i t b r e c h t i n v e n t s T T Y • D e a f p h y s i c i s t i n C a l i f o r n i a . • T T Y c o s t $ 3 0 0 & w e i g h e d 1 5 0 l b s .
Slide4TT Y - P r o b l e m s • Y o u n e e d a s i g n a l s y s t e m t o a l e r t f o r c a l l s ( l i g h t s ) . • M u s t b e a b l e t o t y p e a n d r e a d • P r i c e s r a n g e f r o m $ 2 7 5 - $ 4 7 9 • E a c h p e r s o n n e e d s a T T Y • T T Y ’ s p l u g i n a n d n e e d e l e c t r i c i t y
Slide5TTY Etiquette• Identify yourself-Type “HI, JESSICA HERE” • “GA” = go ahead • “QGA”= Question • “HLD” = hold on a sec • “PLS”= please • “XXX” = oops I’m wrong, then re-type • Good bye options…… • “GA to SK” = go ahead/stop keying • “GA or SK” • “GASK” • Completely finished= “BYESKSK” - disconnect
Slide6French TTY
Slide7Maryland Relay• Started 1993-94 • MD one of the 1 st states • #711 • Operator-Introduces self and helps new user • Operators follow strict code of confedentiality • Cost shared by all • If the person who has the account is deaf they would get lower long distance fees
Slide8MD Relay cont’d• Pros • Deaf people get equal access with a MR operator • Can call anyone at anytime • Cons • Third person involved • Takes longer • Not enough operators • Expensive
Slide9Some MD RELAY SERVICES• HEARING-CARRY-OVER (HCO) : enables speech disabled users to directly hear the voice person's message. The Operator then voices the speech-disabled TTY user's typed response back to the voice caller. • VRS - Video Relay Service • CAPTel - captioning the phone conversation- no typing involved
Slide10Wyndtell Pager• Send text messages • Full keyboard • Sends the message to someone else's pager • Also types email & fax • Has software so you can talk on a TTY
Slide11Closed Captioning Words at the bottom of the T.V. screen • Started 1982 • 2 different kinds: real time captioning ( live programs) scripted (pre-recorded program)
Slide12Pr o b l e m s w i t h C l o s e d C a p t i o n i n g • L o s e e m o t i o n s i n p r o g r a m s • M u s t b e a b l e t o r e a d E n g l i s h q u i c k l y • C a p t i o n s m a y c u t o f f i n “ r e a l - t i m e ” • A t f i r s t T V s d i d n ’ t c o m e w i t h C C s o y o u h a d t o b u y a “ d e c o d e r ” f o r $ 2 0 0 • S i n c e 1 9 9 3 t v s l a r g e r t h a n 1 1 ” m u s t h a v e d e c o d e r c h i p - W h y ?
Slide13NCI- National Captioning InstituteReal-time captioning • 1. Someone is talking on TV • 2. At NCI -Stenographers watch the show & type on stenograph machine • 3. The phonetic type goes into a word processor at NCI –converted to English • 4. English sent back to the TV station through phone lines • 5. English is merged with the picture on the TV screen • 6. Sent out to viewers homes • Completed in 4-6 seconds !
Slide14Fire Alarms• Alarms have a flashing light/ sound alert and a vibrating pad (under a pillow or mattress) • shakes person awake when smoke is detected.
Slide15Icommunicator• Converts speech to text and video sign language in real time