The Colonization of Australia by the United Kingdom: Reasons and Motives

1. The Colonization of Australia by the United Kingdom The Colonization of Australia by the United Kingdom

2. What were the four reasons for the British to colonize Australia? What were the four reasons for the British to colonize Australia?  British wanted to relieve overcrowding in Great Britain’s jails.  British wanted to relieve overcrowding in Great Britain’s jails.  British government recognized the importance of having its navy stationed in Australia in the southern hemisphere.  British government recognized the importance of having its navy stationed in Australia in the southern hemisphere.  The British viewed Australia as an economic base to expand trade.  The British viewed Australia as an economic base to expand trade.  The British government did not want its rivals to start a colony on the Australian continent.  The British government did not want its rivals to start a colony on the Australian continent.

3. Colonization of Australia Colonization of Australia  Question:  Question:  Who claimed Australia for Great Britain?  Who claimed Australia for Great Britain?  Answer:  Answer:  James Cook  James Cook

4. Colonization of Australia Colonization of Australia  Question:  Question:  Which coast of Australia did James Cook claim for England in 1770?  Which coast of Australia did James Cook claim for England in 1770?  Answer:  Answer:  Eastern  Eastern

5. Colonization of Australia Colonization of Australia  Question:  Question:  What type of people were the first British colonists in Australia?  What type of people were the first British colonists in Australia?  Answer:  Answer:  Prisoners  Prisoners

6. Colonization of Australia Colonization of Australia  Question:  Question:  Why was there a need to establish this new penal colony?  Why was there a need to establish this new penal colony?  Answer:  Answer:  Georgia was established as a penal colony and it was no longer a colony of Great Britain.  Georgia was established as a penal colony and it was no longer a colony of Great Britain.

7. The impact of European Empire Building in Africa and Asia on the outbreak of World War I The impact of European Empire Building in Africa and Asia on the outbreak of World War I

8. What were the reasons for the Scramble for Africa? What were the reasons for the Scramble for Africa? Economic development – Europe needed new sources of raw materials Economic development – Europe needed new sources of raw materials  Resources such as gold, diamonds, and oil.  Resources such as gold, diamonds, and oil.  Politics – European nations showed national pride by competing for colonies in Africa.  Politics – European nations showed national pride by competing for colonies in Africa.

9. Reasons for the Scramble Cont. Reasons for the Scramble Cont.  European worldwide view – Europeans viewed themselves as the world’s most advanced civilization. Felt it was necessary to “civilize” people in the rest of the world.  European worldwide view – Europeans viewed themselves as the world’s most advanced civilization. Felt it was necessary to “civilize” people in the rest of the world.

10. The impact on Africa The impact on Africa  Questions:  Questions:  Explain how economics played a role in European colonies in the nineteenth century.  Explain how economics played a role in European colonies in the nineteenth century.  Answer:  Answer:  Europe wanted more sources of raw materials needed for manufacturing.  Europe wanted more sources of raw materials needed for manufacturing.

11. The impact on Africa The impact on Africa  Question:  Question:  What role did nationalism play in Europe’s competition to colonize Africa and Asia?  What role did nationalism play in Europe’s competition to colonize Africa and Asia?  Answer:  Answer:  Europeans felt a need to “civilize” other parts of the world. Having more colonies made countries feel more powerful.  Europeans felt a need to “civilize” other parts of the world. Having more colonies made countries feel more powerful.

12. The impact on Africa The impact on Africa  What war was a result of militarism and nationalism in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries?  What war was a result of militarism and nationalism in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries?  Answer:  Answer:  World War I  World War I  Which group of nations formed the Central Powers?  Which group of nations formed the Central Powers?  Answer:  Answer:  Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire (Turkey and its colonies), and Bulgaria  Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire (Turkey and its colonies), and Bulgaria

13. Use the map: The impact on Africa Use the map: The impact on Africa  Questions:  Questions:  During the Scramble for Africa during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, which two European powers controlled the most African land?  During the Scramble for Africa during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, which two European powers controlled the most African land?  Answer:  Answer:  Great Britain and France  Great Britain and France

14. The impact on Africa The impact on Africa  Question:  Question:  What physical feature covered most of French West Africa?  What physical feature covered most of French West Africa?  Answer:  Answer:  desert  desert  Question:  Question:  Which European power controlled most of northwest Africa during the colonial era?  Which European power controlled most of northwest Africa during the colonial era?  Answer:  Answer:  France  France