"How to Calculate Surplus and Deadweight Loss on a Graph"

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Learn how to calculate consumer surplus (CS), producer surplus (PS), total surplus (TS), and deadweight loss (DWL) on a graph in a market with demand (D) and supply (S) curves. Example given for Q 200-600 and prices 2-12.

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Slide1Consumer Surplus (CS),Producer Surplus (PS), Total Surplus (TS), & Deadweight Loss (DWL)

Slide2Do You Know How toCalculate on a Graph …? Consumer Surplus (CS) Producer Surplus (PS) Total Surplus (TS) Deadweight Loss (DWL)

Slide3CS, PS, TS, & DWL$ Q 200 400 600 2 4 6 8 10 12 D Given the D & S curves in a market as shown, S

Slide4CS—The Benefits to Buyers(Equivalent to Bargain/Saving) $ Q 200 400 600 2 4 6 8 10 12 D CS is the shaded triangle. Its value equals the area of the triangle, or half or a rectangle. The formula is: area = base x ½ height. So CS = (300 x ½ x (12-6)) = $900. S

Slide5PS—The Benefits to Sellers(Equivalent to Gross Profit) $ Q 200 400 600 2 4 6 8 10 12 D PS is the shaded triangle. Its value equals the area of the triangle. So PS = base x ½ height = (300 x ½ x (6-2)) = $600. S

Slide6TS = CS + PS = Maximum(TS Is Maximized in a Free Market) $ Q 200 400 600 2 4 6 8 10 12 D In a free market, TS, the sum of CS and PS, measures the total maximum benefits to all market participants. TS = CS + PS = $900 + $600 = $1,500. S

Slide7DWL$ Q 200 400 600 2 4 6 8 10 12 D Given the D & S curves, suppose that the government imposed a per-unit tax (T) on the market as shown. What would happen? S

Slide8TS = CS + PS < Maximum(DWL Is the Loss/Reduction in TS) $ Q 200 400 600 2 4 6 8 10 12 D CS would decrease; PS would decrease; GTR would rises, TS would decrease; and a DWL would exist. S CS after tax PS after tax Government Tax Revenue (GTR) DWL GTR = $3 x 200 = $600; and DWL = ½ x 3 * 100 = $150

Slide9Now You Know How toCalculate on a Graph … Consumer Surplus (CS) Producer Surplus (PS) Total Surplus (TS) Deadweight Loss (DWL)