Harlem Renaissance: A Cultural Movement

Harlem Renaissance: A Cultural Movement
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Harlem Renaissance, a period from 1920 to 1936, saw a surge of African American literary talent, producing works of poetry, fiction, drama, and essays. It also encompassed visual arts, music, philosophy, and theater, making it a thriving cultural movement.

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Slide1             1920 to 1936

Slide2Harlem Renaissance Defined Harlem Renaissance (HR) is the name given to the period from the end of World War I and through the middle of the 1930s Depression, during which a group of talented African-American writers produced a sizable body of literature in the four prominent genres of poetry, fiction, drama, and essay.

Slide3Harlem Renaissance Defined (continued) Not limited to literature, the movement also includes philosophy, theater, the visual arts, and music.

Slide4Harlem Renaissance Dates Beginning dates range from 1914 to 1920 Ending dates range from 1935 to 1940

Slide5Great Migration  Beginning of World War I Job opportunities in North 1915-1918  Some believe this to be the beginning of H.R.

Slide6KeyFigures

Slide7W. E. B. Du Bois (1868-1963) Philosopher Sociologist Civil rights activist

Slide8W.E.B. Du Bois African Americans must be taught racial pride and African cultural heritage Coined the term “Talented Tenth”

Slide9Charles Gilpin (1878-1930) Performing arts: theater

Slide10Theater and Film Charles Gilpin founded the Lafayette Players Few plays were written by African Americans

Slide11Alain LeRoy Locke (1886-1954) Philosopher Educator

Slide12Alain Locke The New Negro Saw Harlem as race capital

Slide13Marcus Garvey (1887-1940) Political leader Publisher and journalist Jamaican National Hero

Slide14Marcus Garvey Back to Africa movement

Slide15Claude McKay (1890-1948) Writer

Slide16Claude McKay “If we must die—let it not be like hogs hunted and penned in an inglorious spot…Like men we’ll face the murderous, cowardly pack, Pressed to the wall, dying, but fighting back!”

Slide17Zora Neale Hurston (1891-1960) Writer Anthropologist Folklorist

Slide18Jean Toomer (1894-1967) Writer

Slide19Jean Toomer Poet Envisioned an American identity that would transcend race Did not seek out “black” forms for his poetry

Slide20Bessie Smith (1895-1937) Jazz and Blues Singer

Slide21Langston Hughes (1902-1967) Writer

Slide22Langston Hughes “We younger Negro artists…intend to express our individual dark-skinned selves without fear or shame. If white people are pleased, we are glad.  If they are not, it doesn’t matter.”

Slide23End of World War I “We return.  We return from fighting.  Make way for democracy! We saved it in France, and by the Great Jehovah, we will save it in the United States of America or know the reason why.”  W.E.B. De Bois

Slide24Creative Forms Writers Poets Philosophers Musicians Visual Artists Filmmakers

Slide25African-American Literature Sought to reach entire community, not just highly educated Periodicals (magazines) acted as a medium of intellectual discourse

Slide26End of the Renaissance The Great Depression 50% of families in Harlem were out of work Harlem Race Riot, 1935

Slide27Gains of the Harlem Renaissance African Americans proved themselves to be talented and capable Created a new consciousness in blacks and whites New art forms Socioeconomic changes

Slide28   The Harlem Renaissance