The Ottoman Empire: Building a Vast Muslim World

Slide1The Muslim World ExpandsChapter 18

Slide9Section 1-The Ottomans Build a VastEmpire

Slide10The Turks Move into Byzantium• Ghazis • Ghazis -Anatolian Turks that saw themselves as warriors for Islam • Ottomans • Ottomans -Followers of Osman the most successful ghazi gun  powder – Military Success based on gun  powder cannons – Some of the 1 st  people to use  cannons

Slide11The Turks Move into Byzantium• Sultan • Sultan -Meaning ‘overlord’ or “one with power” • Living under the Ottomans local  officials  – Used  local  officials  appointed by the sultan to rule conquered areas – Muslims – Muslims  served in the Turkish army and pay religious taxes tax – Non-Muslims did not have to serve in the army but paid a small  tax  in return

Slide12The Turks Move into Byzantium• Timur the Lame- – Received the nickname after taking an arrow to the leg Baghdad – Burned  Baghdad  to the ground Ottomans – Crushed the  Ottomans in the Battle of Ankara (1402)

Slide13Powerful Sultans Spur DramaticExpansion • Mehmed II- Mehmed  the Conqueror – Nicknamed  Mehmed  the Conqueror Constantinople – Attacked  Constantinople • Fired a 1,200lb bolder out of a 26-foot gun and ships Istanbul •  After conquering the city he renamed it  Istanbul  opened it up to Christians, Jews, Muslims, Turks and non- Turks

Slide14Powerful Sultans Spur DramaticExpansion • Suleyman the Lawgiver- – Ruled for 46 years bureaucratic – Created penalties for various criminal acts, bureaucratic  and financial corruption balanced budget  – Also introduced the concept of a  balanced budget  to governments

Slide15Powerful Sultans Spur DramaticExpansion • Suleyman the Lawgiver- mathematics – Studied poetry, history, geography, astronomy, mathematics  and architecture tolerant – Because of Islamic law he was  tolerant  of other religions literature – Supported art and literature

Slide16Powerful Sultans Spur DramaticExpansion Christian • Devshirme System-Members of the sultan’s army drafted from the  Christian  boys of conquered territories. – Converted educated – Converted  to Islam, and educated  them the  sultan • Janissaries-Elite force of 30,000 soldiers trained to be loyal only to  the  sultan .

Slide17Section 3-The Mughal Empire in India

Slide19Early History of the MughalsMongols • Mughals-Means  Mongols nomadic – Group of  nomadic  invaders in Central Asia Babur • 1494- Babur  inherits the kingdoms of Uzbekistan and Tajikistan at the age of 11 Mughal  Empire – Swept down into India and laid the foundations for the Mughal  Empire

Slide20Early History of the Mughals• Akbar-Ruled India from 1556 to 1605 grandson – Babur’s  grandson tolerance – Ruled with wisdom and tolerance Divine  Faith – Created his own religion the “ Divine  Faith ” revolt • He offended Muslims so much that they tried to  revolt against him in 1581

Slide21Early History of the Mughals• Art and Literature- – Illustrated  books – Illustrated  books flourished • Miniatures • Miniatures -Small highly detailed, colorful paintings – Hindu  literature – Hindu  literature also saw a resurgence during Akbar’s time

Slide22Akbar’s Successors• Shah Jahan- – Killed – Killed  anyone who got in his way of being king – Had two great passions in life: buildings • Beautiful  buildings • His wife Mumtaz Mahal – Sadly she died at age 39 while giving birth to their 14 th  child

Slide23Akbar’s Successors• Taj  Mahal- Mumtaz Mahal  • Taj  Mahal- Towering marble dome built as a memorial to  Mumtaz Mahal  following her death most  beautiful building  – Referred to as the most  beautiful building  in the world

Slide25Akbar’s Successors• Aurangzeb- Shah Jahan’s 3 rd son – Took power when Shah became sick greatest  size – Expanded the Mughal Empire to it’s  greatest  size – Oppressed the people sharia • Strict Islamic law ( sharia ) banned gambling, drinking, and other vices non-Muslims Hindus • Taxed  non-Muslims  and was cruel to  Hindus

Slide26The Empire’s Decline and Decay• Reasons for the Empire’s Decline- – Aurangzeb had drained it’s resources hunger – 2 million people died of hunger local  lords – As central power weakened the power of  local  lords grew western traders  – The power of  western traders  began to increase