Investigation 8 - Adaptation: Why Changes in an Organism Affect its Chances of Survival

Investigation 8 - Adaptation: Why Changes in an Organism Affect its Chances of Survival
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Living things require basic needs such as energy, water, and gas exchange to survive. However, every organism has varying needs for

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Slide1INVESTIGATION  8 “A DAPTATION ”

Slide2WHY   DO   CHANGES   IN   AN   ORGANISM AFFECT   ITS   CHANCES   OF   SURVIVAL ?  Living things have basic needs, such as energy, water, gas exchange, etc… to survive.  Every organism has varying needs for things like water, gas exchange, etc…

Slide3WHY   DO   CHANGES   IN   AN   ORGANISM AFFECT   ITS   CHANCES   OF   SURVIVAL ?  The resources for life originate in an organism’s  environment.  Critical relationship between environment and organism.  When an environment changes, organisms that interact with it are influenced.  Improve or decrease organism’s chance for survival.

Slide4WHY   DO   CHANGES   IN   AN   ORGANISM AFFECT   ITS   CHANCES   OF   SURVIVAL ?  Changes enhance one organism’s ability to survive and reproduce more offspring while it decreases the chances of another organism.

Slide5ADAPTATIONS  Organisms have  adaptations  that allow them to live an environment.  Every organism has a unique set of adaptations to live in its environment.  Examples:  Sea otters live in the sea.  Desert tortoises live in the desert.

Slide6ADAPTATIONS  Adaptations are:  Physical attributes (structures and functions) OR  Behaviors that enhance an organism’s opportunity to live and reproduce in its environment.

Slide7ADAPTATIONS  Organisms have different types of adaptations: Structural Adaptations  Functional Adaptations  Behavioral Adaptations

Slide8ADAPTATIONS  The particular combination of adaptations expressed by an individual defines the lifestyle that that organism will lead and the environment in which it can survive.

Slide9VARIATION   WITHIN   A   SPECIES  Organisms of the same kind are all members of the same species.  All members of a species have similar adaptations and, therefore, the ability to live in the same environment.  The members of a species that are living together and interacting constitute a population.

Slide10VARIATION  Within a population, there is variation.  Variation is the amount of difference in physiological and/or behavioral attributes exhibited by the members of a population.  Example: Walkingsticks color

Slide11BIOLOGICAL  I MPLICATIONS   OF   VARIATION  When the environment provides abundant resources, all members of a population share in the bounty and survive.  This is the exception.

Slide12BIOLOGICAL  I MPLICATIONS   OF   VARIATION  Factors in the environment is in limited supply or pushing the limits of tolerance of the organisms.  Variation is essential here!

Slide13BIOLOGICAL  I MPLICATIONS   OF   VARIATION  The individuals that have structures or behaviors that allow them to break slightly harder seeds, run a little faster, etc…., will have a survival advantage over the members of the populations when the environment changes.  What examples have we done in class that reinforces this statement? Why?

Slide14BIOLOGICAL  I MPLICATIONS   OF   VARIATION  As a result of natural variation in a population, the population may survive failure of a primary food source, invasion by a predator, reduction in solar radiation, or drought.

Slide15BIOLOGICAL  I MPLICATIONS   OF   VARIATION  ***  Different members  of the population will have the advantage depending on what environmental factor imposes pressure on the population.  The results is that some members will survive to reproduce ensuring the survival of the species and the continuing of the population.

Slide16FEATURES   AND  T RAITS  Organisms have distinctive features that make them recognizable.  Examples:  Snakes have scales, color patterns, eyes, and mouths.  Ducks have feathers, beaks, webbed feet, and eyes.

Slide17FEATURES   AND  T RAITS  Features : are structures of organisms.

Slide18FEATURES   AND  T RAITS  There is tremendous variation in features from species to species, but all individuals of the same species have the same features…  HOWEVER… there can be variation in  how  the features look within a species.

Slide19FEATURES   AND  T RAITS  The appearance of a feature within a species is called a  trait .  A trait is the particular manner in which an organism exhibits a feature, that is,  how  it looks.  Example:  Black bears have all the same features: four legs, short tail, small ears, two eyes, long, course fur, and a brown nose, etc…  The  color  of the fur can vary.  The fur color is the feature and the  color  of the fur (brown, black…) is the variation.

Slide20FEATURES   AND  T RAITS  Case Study: Peppered Moth Study  A classic investigation looked at the feature of wing color in the peppered moth of England.  The moth’s wing color can vary from almost white with dark dots to completely black.

Slide21FEATURES   AND  T RAITS  A Case Study: Peppered Moths  When the Industrial Revolution filled the air with pollutants, the light-colored moths died and the dark-colored moths survived. Why?

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