The Adolescent Brain: What's Going on in There?

The Adolescent Brain: What's Going on in There?
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This article discusses the workings of the adolescent brain and how it impacts behavior and decision making. The author references the work of Dr. Jay Giedd and how advancements in brain

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Slide1The Adolescent Brain:What’s Going on in There? October 12, 2012 Nebraska Association for Middle Level Education Google Images

Slide230 seconds: fill the box with words to describe adolescents.

Slide3ZITS  by Jerry Scott & Jim Borgman

Slide4ZITS  by Jerry Scott & Jim Borgman

Slide5How the Brain Works

Slide6Tan’s Brain

Slide7How do we know what we knowabout the adolescent brain? Dr. Jay Giedd Phineas Gage These two men have played key roles… http://www.interscoop.com/media/phine.jpg http://www.nih.gov/nihrecord/08_12_2005/images/teenbrain.jpg

Slide8Google image source:   http://www.sruweb.com/~walsh/gage1.jpg Phineas Gage Image source:  Smithsonian  magazine, January 2010

Slide9Google image source:  http://www.brown.edu/Research/Memlab/py47/diagrams/phineas.jpg      Phineas Gage:      September 1848      Age 26 Died:  1861

Slide10Before the accident…  After the accident… Hard-working          Respected     Personable        Efficient        Effective        Responsible Unreliable    Irrational         Impulsive Disagreeable     Difficult to get along with Overly emotional          Indecisive Foul-mouthed        Anti-social           Irresponsible

Slide11Plan for the future • Make decisions • Control impulses • Assess risk • Set goals & priorities • Make sound judgments • Reason • Plan & organize multiple tasks • Control emotions The Frontal Lobes

Slide12What couldthe story of Phineas Gage possibly have to do with the adolescent brain? Image source:  Smithsonian  magazine, January 2010

Slide13Dr. Jay Giedd• PET Scan • CT Scan • MRI • fMRI • DTI Google image source:   http://www.loni.ucla.edu/~thompson/OZARKS2001/37_schizo_pmaps_loss.jpg Brain Imaging Technologies

Slide14A thickening ofthe brain’s gray matter… caused by an overproduction of connections between neurons Exuberance… Pruning… Google image source:   http://www.brainexplorer.org/brain-images/graymatter.jpg A systematic pruning away of unused connections … between neurons

Slide15Myelination……the developmental process in which neurons are coated with a fatty, waxy substance… that insulates and speeds signals as they pass through one brain cell and on to another… Myelin sheath

Slide16Plan for the future • Make decisions • Control impulses • Assess risk • Set goals & priorities • Make sound judgments • Reason • Plan & organize multiple tasks • Control emotions The Frontal Lobes

Slide17is the act of makingand strengthening connections  between neurons… LEARNING …

Slide18a n d  a d o l e s c e n c e i s  a  c r i t i c a l  w i n d o w o f  o p p o r t u n i t y  f o r t h i s  “ s c u l p t i n g ” o f  b r a i n s !

Slide19The brains ofadolescents are fundamentally different from the brains of children and of adults. Exuberance Pruning Myelination

Slide20Sleep:  Many adolescents…• struggle to get up in the morning • claim they’re not tired at bedtime • sleep late & nap on weekends • go to school each day in a “fog” • struggle to concentrate in early morning classes • have difficulty remembering the content in early classes • feel drowsy & irritable by mid-afternoon

Slide21So… Just how much sleep do adolescents need?Permission granted:  American Academy of Sleep Medicine, 2011           www.sleepeducation.com 9-10 hours

Slide22What do we know about adolescent sleep patterns?• They are regulated by “circadian rhythms.” (the brain’s natural “body clock”) • They  differ  from those of younger children and those of adults. • The circadian rhythms of adolescents “program” them to stay awake later into the night, and to wake-up later into the morning.   Microsoft Office Clip Art,  2011

Slide23Why does this matter?Without adequate sleep, adolescents… • have a more difficult time holding a focus on the task at hand  (class activities & lessons) • have more difficulty in thinking creatively and solving problems • are more prone to errors • are more irritable;  less patient • may be more impulsive • engage in more risky behaviors

Slide24Why does this matter?Without adequate sleep, adolescents…   iCLIPART for Schools, 2011 • miss out on the consolidation of learning that takes place during sleep CONSOLIDATION:   a complex brain process that occurs during specific phases of sleep (REM Sleep- Rapid Eye Movement);  the continued processing of information and experiences that occurred throughout the day, while the body and brain are asleep;  processing that facilitates the transfer of short term memories- into the long term memory system within the brain, allowing for retrieval later on CONSOLIDATION:   a complex brain process that occurs during specific phases of sleep (REM Sleep- Rapid Eye Movement);  the continued processing of information and experiences that occurred throughout the day, while the body and brain are asleep;  processing that facilitates the transfer of short term memories- into the long term memory system within the brain, allowing for retrieval later on

Slide25Alcohol, Drugsand Addiction Brain’s Natural Reward Center VTA, Dopamine

Slide26Research suggests that adolescents…•    become addicted more strongly… •   have a more difficult time quitting… • are more susceptible to “drug-cue associations”… • are more susceptible to relapse, once they have quit…

Slide27What about multitasking?• The Cocktail Party Effect • Toggling (task-switching) • Quality decreases on both (or all) tasks attempted • Time to complete tasks increases when attempting to multitask • Paying “continuous partial attention” • In some situations, multitasking is dangerous!

Slide28Risk-Taking:  Adolescents…• are “hard-wired to take risks  (as are all humans) • are highly sensitive to rewards associated with risk • tend to be more impulsive than most adults • weigh the benefits more heavily than the risks • often  over estimate the risk in a given situation • often think  too rationally when it comes to risk

Slide29Fundamental Differences•   Multi-tasking (?) • Exposure to violence… media & video games • Screen-time… • Immediacy- fast-paced world- constant connectivity, social- networking- reduced face- to-face communication

Slide30What IS  going on inside the adolescent brain? the better able we’ll be to understand our students, and to design learning opportunities that meet the needs of their still-developing brains. And the more knowledgeable educators become… Exuberance Pruning Myelination Circadian Rhythms Effects of technology Dopamine Hyper-sensitivity to rewards Phase Delay Effects of violence in media Emotional System Autonomy

Slide32Julie Crotty  319-239-8941 jcrotty@cfu.net Thanks for attending!

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