The Rise of Totalitarianism: Communism in Russia, Fascism in Italy, Germany, and Japan

The Rise of Totalitarianism: Communism in Russia, Fascism in Italy, Germany, and Japan
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Explore the rise of totalitarian governments and their complete control over people's lives. Understand why people turned over their control to these governments, how they came to power, and how they maintained control over their people. Also, examine the possibility of a totalitarian government taking over the United States of America.

About The Rise of Totalitarianism: Communism in Russia, Fascism in Italy, Germany, and Japan

PowerPoint presentation about 'The Rise of Totalitarianism: Communism in Russia, Fascism in Italy, Germany, and Japan'. This presentation describes the topic on Explore the rise of totalitarian governments and their complete control over people's lives. Understand why people turned over their control to these governments, how they came to power, and how they maintained control over their people. Also, examine the possibility of a totalitarian government taking over the United States of America.. The key topics included in this slideshow are Rise of Totalitarianism, Communist Russia, Fascist Italy, Fascist Germany, Fascist Japan,. Download this presentation absolutely free.

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1. The Rise of Totalitarianism C o m m u n i s m i n R u s s i a F a s c i s m i n I t a l y , G e r m a n y , a n d J a p a n

2. T o t a l i t a r i a n s t a t e s h a v e g o v e r n m e n t s t h a t h a v e c o m p l e t e c o n t r o l o v e r e v e r y a s p e c t o f p e o p l e s l i v e s . W h y d i d p e o p l e t u r n o v e r t h e i r c o n t r o l t o a t o t a l i t a r i a n g o v e r n m e n t ? H o w d i d t o t a l i t a r i a n g o v e r n m e n t s c o m e t o p o w e r ? H o w d i d t o t a l i t a r i a n g o v e r n m e n t s k e e p c o n t r o l o v e r t h e p e o p l e ? C o u l d a t o t a l i t a r i a n g o v e r n m e n t t a k e o v e r t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s o f A m e r i c a ? H i t l e r d i d n o t g e t e l e c t e d b y p r o m i s i n g t h e G e r m a n p e o p l e t h a t h e w o u l d l e a d t h e m i n t o a n o t h e r W o r l d W a r k i l l m i l l i o n s o f G e r m a n s s t a r t t h e H o l o c a u s t c r e a t e D e a t h C a m p s d e s t r o y G e r m a n c i t i e s H i t l e r w a s e l e c t e d b e c a u s e h e p r o m i s e d t o i m p r o v e G e r m a n e d u c a t i o n p r o v i d e c h i l d c a r e f o r w o r k i n g m o t h e r s i m p r o v e t h e e c o n o m y a n d g e t m o r e j o b s a n d r e s t o r e G e r m a n p r i d e Secret Police Laws to Protect citizens Scapegoating evil enemies of the people encouraging informants C o n v i n c e d t h e G e r m a n p e o p l e t o t r a d e t h e i r f r e e d o m s f o r p r o t e c t i o n f r o m e v i l e n e m i e s fear of terrorists

3. Totalitarian states are ones where the governments have complete control over all aspects of peoples private and public lives. In this unit we will be studying the rise of totalitarian states after World War I in Russia, Italy, Germany, and Japan.

4. In Russia, hundreds of years of rule by the Czars was replaced by revolutionaries. Vladimir Lenin tried to modernize Russia before Joseph Stalin created a totalitarian state. I n J a p a n , E m p e r o r H i r o h i t o l o s t p o w e r t o t h e m i l i t a r y w h o c a m e t o d o m i n a t e J a p a n e s e s o c i e t y . J a p a n e s e m i l i t a r i s m w o u l d l e a d t o w a r w i t h E u r o p e a n d t h e U S A . After a series of weak governments in Italy, Benito Mussolini and the Fascist Party come to power. They create a totalitarian society. Germany struggled to repay the debts from the Treaty of Versailles. Hatred of the treaty (and War Guilt Clause) and enormous economic troubles leads to the rise of Adolf Hitler. Rise of Totalitarian States (1919-1941) These leaders used secret police, fear of foreign attack, and propaganda to take total control over every aspect of their peoples public and private lives.

5. Rise of Nationalism after world war I

6. T h e R u s s i a n R e v o l u t i o n a f e u d a l s o c i e t y ( f a r m e r b a s e d ) R u s s i a n C z a r n o t a b l e t o a d a p t t o a c h a n g i n g w o r l d p o o r l e a d e r s h i p a n d e x t r e m e h a r d s h i p s d u r i n g t h e F i r s t W o r l d W a r b l o o d y d e a t h o f t h e r o y a l f a m i l y s y m b o l o f h o p e f o r t h e p o o r p e o p l e o f t h e w o r l d a s t h e R u s s i a n s s t a r t e d d e m o c r a t i c r e f o r m s s e e n a s a t h r e a t b y W e s t e r n l e a d e r s b e t r a y e d b y l e a d e r s s e e k i n g p o w e r w h o t u r n e d R u s s i a i n t o a t o t a l i t a r i a n s o c i e t y

7. Rise of Russian Nationalism

8. F o r o v e r 3 0 0 y e a r s t h e R o m a n o v f a m i l y r u l e d R u s s i a . I n 1 9 1 7 , t h e r u l e o f t h e f a m i l y c a m e t o a v i o l e n t e n d . C z a r N i c h o l a s I I ( 1 8 9 4 - 1 9 1 7 ) d i s a s t r o u s m i l i t a r y l e a d e r a b d i c a t i n g i n 1 9 1 7 , h e w a s i m p r i s o n e d b y t h e R e d A r m y h e a n d h i s f a m i l y w e r e k i l l e d i n t h e U r a l M o u n t a i n s C z a r A l e x a n d e r I I ( 1 8 5 5 - 8 1 ) a b o l i s h e d s e r f d o m o n M a r c h 3 , 1 8 8 1 , a n d i n t r o d u c e d m a n y r e f o r m s h e w a s a s s a s s i n a t e d i n 1 8 8 1 C z a r A l e x a n d e r I I I ( 1 8 8 1 - 9 4 ) m o r e p o l i c e a n d n e w l a w s h e a l s o u n d i d m a n y o f t h e r e f o r m s t h a t h i s f a t h e r h a d i n t r o d u c e d

9. Russia struggled to find a balance between the desire to industrialize and the reality of having a country that was mostly made up of peasant farmers. By 1900, a small industrial revolution was started in Russian cities. This led to more problems as Russians tried to understand the new changes

10. The Russian Revolution

11. Russian Revolution and Rise of Fascism 1 . T w o R e v o l u t i o n s i n R u s s i a A . M a r c h 1 9 1 7 , p o l i t i c a l , e c o n o m i c , a n d s o c i a l c o n d i t i o n s i n R u s s i a s t a r t e d a r e v o l u t i o n t h a t o v e r t h r e w t h e C z a r

12. The end of the Russian Monarchy

13. I n 1 9 1 7 , t h e C z a r a b d i c a t e d . D e m o c r a c y c a m e t o R u s s i a . T h e R u s s i a n s s e t u p S o v i e t s t h e l o c a l b r a n c h e s o f w o r k e r s p a r t i e s . I n N o v e m b e r 1 9 1 7 L e n i n a n d t h e B o l s h e v i k s t o o k o v e r p o w e r i n R u s s i a . L e n i n s B o l s h e v i k p a r t y c h a n g e d i t s n a m e t o C o m m u n i s t s a f t e r K a r l M a r x s c l a s s l e s s s o c i e t y .

14. L e n i n w a s a d y n a m i c l e a d e r . D e m o c r a c y s p r e a d a t f i r s t

15. Lenin takes control of Russia

16. 1 . T w o R e v o l u t i o n s i n R u s s i a A . M a r c h 1 9 1 7 , p o l i t i c a l , e c o n o m i c , a n d s o c i a l c o n d i t i o n s i n R u s s i a s t a r t e d a r e v o l u t i o n t h a t o v e r t h r e w t h e C z a r B. B o l s h e v i k s ( C o m m u n i s t s l e d b y L e n i n ) s e i z e d p o w e r i n O C t o b e r 1 9 1 7 i. e n d e d p r i v a t e o w n e r s h i p o f l a n d ii. g a v e l a n d t o p e a s a n t s iii. g a v e w o r k e r s c o n t r o l o f f a c t o r i e s a n d m i n e s iv. e n d e d R u s s i a s i n v o l v e m e n t i n W o r l d W a r I

17. W h e n R u s s i a w i t h d r e w f r o m W o r l d W a r I , a c i v i l w a r b r o k e o u t .

18. T h e R e v o l u t i o n w a s o p p o s e d b y s o m e R u s s i a n s ( t h e y b e c a m e k n o w n a s W h i t e R u s s i a n s ) A C i v i l W a r d e v a s t a t e d R u s s i a

19. T h e R u s s i a n s a t f i r s t t h i n k t h a t t h e i r R e v o l u t i o n w o u l d b e w e l c o m e d b y t h e A m e r i c a n a n d F r e n c h p e o p l e ( w h o h a d a l s o h a d s u c c e s s f u l r e v o l u t i o n s f o r f r e e d o m a n d d e m o c r a c y ) T h e R u s s i a n s w r i t e l e t t e r s o f g o o d w i l l t o t h e A m e r i c a n s w h o i m m e d i a t e l y s e n d t r o o p s i n t o R u s s i a t o p u t d o w n t h e R e v o l u t i o n O v e r 1 5 m i l l i o n R u s s i a n s d i e d u r i n g t h e C i v i l W a r R u s s i a w o u l d h a v e a d i f f i c u l t t i m e t r u s t i n g t h e A l l i e s a g a i n A m e r i c a n a n d A l l i e d f o r c e s i n v a d e a n d o c c u p y m u c h o f R u s s i a

20. I n R u s s i a e q u a l i t y e v e r y o n e v o t e d w o r k e r s w e r e g i v e n c o n t r o l o f f a c t o r i e s p e a s a n t s w e r e g i v e n l a n d I n t h e U S A d i s c r i m i n a t i o n w h i t e m e n v o t e d r i c h i n d u s t r i a l i s t s o w n e d e v e r y t h i n g s h a r e c r o p p i n g H o w d i d W e s t e r n N a t i o n s r e s p o n d t o t h e R u s s i a n R e v o l u t i o n ? W e s t e r n c o u n t r i e s w e r e c o n t r o l l e d b y w e a l t h y l e a d e r s w h o s a w t h e n e w i d e a s t h a t t h e R u s s i a n s h a d a s d a n g e r o u s . T h e R u s s i a n R e v o l u t i o n m i g h t b e c o m e a d a n g e r o u s e x a m p l e t o t h e p o o r i n t h e w e s t . W e s t e r n l e a d e r s s e n t t h e i r a r m i e s i n t o R u s s i a t o o v e r t h r o w t h e r e v o l u t i o n a n d r e s t o r e t h e C z a r .

21. Russia fights Civil War and is attacked by Western Powers

22. 1 . T w o R e v o l u t i o n s i n R u s s i a A . M a r c h 1 9 1 7 , p o l i t i c a l , e c o n o m i c , a n d s o c i a l c o n d i t i o n s i n R u s s i a s t a r t e d a r e v o l u t i o n t h a t o v e r t h r e w t h e C z a r B. B o l s h e v i k s ( C o m m u n i s t s l e d b y L e n i n ) s e i z e d p o w e r i n O c t o b e r 1 9 1 7 i. e n d e d p r i v a t e o w n e r s h i p o f l a n d ii. g a v e l a n d t o p e a s a n t s iii. g a v e w o r k e r s c o n t r o l o f f a c t o r i e s a n d m i n e s iv. e n d e d R u s s i a s i n v o l v e m e n t i n W o r l d W a r I C . t h r e e y e a r c i v i l w a r b e t w e e n t h e C o m m u n i s t R e d A r m y a n d t h e W h i t e s , p e o p l e w h o w e r e l o y a l t o C z a r

23. The Revolution and Civil War left Russia poor and destroyed. To improve the economy, Lenin started the NEW ECONOMIC POLICY (NEP). Lenin wanted the economy to develop before Russia could move to a communist state.

24. B y 1 9 0 0 , E u r o p e e n j o y e d t h e b e n e f i t s o f t h e I n d u s t r i a l R e v o l u t i o n . But, what about Russia?

25. T h e I n d u s t r i a l R e v o l u t i o n b r o u g h t a b o u t h u g e c h a n g e s i n s o c i e t y . P h i l o s o p h e r s t r i e d t o e x p l a i n t h e w a y t h a t t h e w o r l d h a d c h a n g e d . T h e m o s t i n f l u e n t i a l t h i n k e r o f t h e t i m e s w a s a G e r m a n n a m e d K a r l M a r x . . .

26. Lenin tries to modernize Russia

27. M u c h o f t h e s u c c e s s o f t h e R u s s i a n R e v o l u t i o n c o m e s f r o m t h e w o r k o f L e n i n . H e i s c h a r i s m a t i c a n d d y n a m i c . H e r e a l i z e s t h a t t h e p r o l e t a r i a t s o c i e t y d o e s n o t e x i s t i n f e u d a l R u s s i a . A c l a s s l e s s s o c i e t y c o u l d o n l y e x i s t o n c e t h e u r b a n i z e d w o r k i n g c l a s s t o o k c o n t r o l o f R u s s i a . B u t R u s s i a h a d n e v e r b e e n t h r o u g h a c a p i t a l i s t p h a s e . S o L e n i n i n t r o d u c e s t h e N E W E C O N O M I C P O L I C Y , m a k i n g t h e s t a t e d e v e l o p a k i n d o f c a p i t a l i s t s o c i e t y .

28. 2 . F r o m L e n i n t o S t a l i n A U n d e r L e n i n , t h e C o m m u n i s t P a r t y u s e d t h e a r m y a n d s e c r e t p o l i c e t o e n f o r c e i t s w i l l . I n e c o n o m i c s , L e n i n m i x e d c a p i t a l i s t a n d s o c i a l i s t i d e a s .

29. L e n i n i s f o l l o w e d b y J o s e p h S t a l i n . S t a l i n c r e a t e s a t o t a l i t a r i a n s o c i e t y i n R u s s i a .

30. 2 . F r o m L e n i n t o S t a l i n A U n d e r L e n i n , t h e C o m m u n i s t P a r t y u s e d t h e a r m y a n d s e c r e t p o l i c e t o e n f o r c e i t s w i l l . I n e c o n o m i c s , L e n i n m i x e d c a p i t a l i s t a n d s o c i a l i s t i d e a s . B. A f t e r L e n i n d i e d , J o s e p h S t a l i n t o o k o v e r i. t r i e d t o m a k e U S S R a m o d e r n i n d u s t r i a l s t a t e

31. R u s s i a h a d m i s s e d t h e C a p i t a l i s t p h a s e S t a l i n t r i e d t o s k i p C a p i t a l i s t p h a s e b y a l l o w i n g t h e s t a t e t o d e v e l o p t h e R u s s i a n e c o n o m y e v e n t u a l l y t h e s t a t e w o u l d h a n d o v e r c o n t r o l o f t h e e c o n o m y t o t h e d i c t a t o r s h i p o f t h e p r o l e t a r i a t h u g e f a c t o r i e s w e r e b u i l t w i t h m i l l i o n s o f p e o p l e b e i n g e n c o u r a g e d t o w o r k t o m a k e t h e s t a t e s t r o n g e r f a r m l a n d w a s t a k e n a w a y b y t h e g o v e r n m e n t a n d p e a s a n t s f o r c e d t o w o r k o n h u g e c o l l e c t i v i z e d f a r m s S t a l i n i n t r o d u c e d 5 - y e a r - p l a n s f o r i n d u s t r i a l a n d a g r i c u l t u r a l i m p r o v e m e n t s

32. 2 . F r o m L e n i n t o S t a l i n A U n d e r L e n i n , t h e C o m m u n i s t P a r t y u s e d t h e a r m y a n d s e c r e t p o l i c e t o e n f o r c e i t s w i l l . I n e c o n o m i c s , L e n i n m i x e d c a p i t a l i s t a n d s o c i a l i s t i d e a s . B. A f t e r L e n i n d i e d , J o s e p h S t a l i n t o o k o v e r i. t r i e d t o m a k e U S S R a m o d e r n i n d u s t r i a l s t a t e ii. a l l e c o n o m i c a n d a g r i c u l t u r a l a c t i v i t y u n d e r g o v e r n m e n t c o n t r o l iii. 5 - y e a r - p l a n s t o i n c r e a s e p r o d u c t i o n

33. S t a l i n s G r e a t P u r g e In 1934 Stalin targeted his enemies for elimination. By 1939 Stalin had complete control of the country. Historians estimate that Stalin was responsible for between 8-13 million Russians.

34. 2 . F r o m L e n i n t o S t a l i n A U n d e r L e n i n , t h e C o m m u n i s t P a r t y u s e d t h e a r m y a n d s e c r e t p o l i c e t o e n f o r c e i t s w i l l . I n e c o n o m i c s , L e n i n m i x e d c a p i t a l i s t a n d s o c i a l i s t i d e a s . B. A f t e r L e n i n d i e d , J o s e p h S t a l i n t o o k o v e r i. t r i e d t o m a k e U S S R a m o d e r n i n d u s t r i a l s t a t e ii. a l l e c o n o m i c a n d a g r i c u l t u r a l a c t i v i t y u n d e r g o v e r n m e n t c o n t r o l iii. 5 - y e a r - p l a n s t o i n c r e a s e p r o d u c t i o n C . I n 1 9 3 4 S t a l i n s t a r t e d t e r r o r - G r e a t P u r g e ( 4 m i l l i o n p e o p l e w e r e p u r g e d a n d a l m o s t 8 0 0 , 0 0 0 w e r e e x e c u t e d ) .

35. H o w d i d S t a l i n m a i n t a i n c o n t r o l o v e r t h e U S S R ? P r o p a g a n d a g o v e r n m e n t c o n t r o l l e d a l l m e d i a e n c o u r a g e d o b e d i e n c e t o t h e s t a t e S e c r e t p o l i c e a r r e s t e d o p p o s i t i o n s p i e d o n p e o p l e e v e n f a m i l y m e m b e r s s p i e d C e n s o r s h i p a g a i n s t t h e l a w t o c r i t i c i z e g o v e r n m e n t c o n t r o l l e d e v e r y t h i n g p e o p l e h e a r d , s a w , o r r e a d T e r r o r G r e a t P u r g e c o n s t a n t f e a r o f m i d n i g h t k n o c k o n t h e d o o r s e n t t o l a b o r c a m p s - g u l a g s

36. 3 . L i f e i n a T o t a l i t a r i a n S t a t e A . S t a l i n u s e d s e c r e t p o l i c e , p r o p a g a n d a , c e n s o r s h i p , a n d t e r r o r t o e s t a b l i s h a t o t a l i t a r i a n s t a t e . B . L e a d e r s w e r e C o m m u n i s t P a r t y m e m b e r s , i n d u s t r i a l m a n a g e r s , m i l i t a r y , s c i e n t i s t s , a n d s o m e a r t i s t s a n d w r i t e r s .

37. L i t e r a t u r e , t h e c i n e m a , t h e a r t s a r e l e v e r s i n t h e h a n d s o f t h e p r o l e t a r i a t w h i c h m u s t b e u s e d t o s h o w t h e m a s s e s p o s i t i v e m o d e l s o f i n i t i a t i v e a n d h e r o i c l a b o r . S o c i a l i s t R e a l i s m

38. 3 . L i f e i n a T o t a l i t a r i a n S t a t e A . S t a l i n u s e d s e c r e t p o l i c e , p r o p a g a n d a , c e n s o r s h i p , a n d t e r r o r t o e s t a b l i s h a t o t a l i t a r i a n s t a t e . B . L e a d e r s w e r e C o m m u n i s t P a r t y m e m b e r s , i n d u s t r i a l m a n a g e r s , m i l i t a r y , s c i e n t i s t s , a n d s o m e a r t i s t s a n d w r i t e r s . C . A r t i s t s a n d w r i t e r s f o r c e d t o u s e s o c i a l i s t r e a l i s m ( t r i e d s h o w S o v i e t l i f e i n a p o s i t i v e w a y ) .

39. While the Russians struggled to adapt to the changes that the ending of their monarchy brought, the rest of the world also struggled to understand what had happened in World War I.

40. A f t e r W o r l d W a r I , p e o p l e e v e r y w h e r e q u e s t i o n e d o l d i d e a s a b o u t r e l i g i o n , l e a d e r s h i p , a n d e v e n s c i e n c e . M e n l i k e S i g m u n d F r e u d d e v e l o p e d n e w i d e a s a b o u t w h a t m o t i v a t e d p e o p l e . Albert Einstein develops the Theory of Relativity which upsets scientific beliefs held since Isaac Newton.

41. 4. A C u l t u r e i n C o n f l i c t A. n e w i d e a s a n d s c i e n c e c h a n g e d i d e a s a b o u t t h e w o r l d i. a t o m i c t h e o r y ii. t h e o r y o f r e l a t i v i t y iii. p s y c h o a n a l y s i s

43. 4. A C u l t u r e i n C o n f l i c t A. n e w i d e a s a n d s c i e n c e c h a n g e d i d e a s a b o u t t h e w o r l d i. a t o m i c t h e o r y ii. t h e o r y o f r e l a t i v i t y iii. p s y c h o a n a l y s i s B . n e w l i t e r a t u r e a n d t h e a r t s l e a d t o a s e n s e o f u n c e r t a i n t y

44. A f t e r w o m e n w o n t h e r i g h t t o v o t e i n R u s s i a , w e s t e r n n a t i o n s t h a t c l a i m e d t o b e d e m o c r a t i c f i n a l l y w e r e f o r c e d t o g i v e w o m e n t h e v o t e .

45. 4. A C u l t u r e i n C o n f l i c t A. n e w i d e a s a n d s c i e n c e c h a n g e d i d e a s a b o u t t h e w o r l d i. a t o m i c t h e o r y ii. t h e o r y o f r e l a t i v i t y iii. p s y c h o a n a l y s i s B . n e w t r e n d s i n l i t e r a t u r e a n d t h e a r t s c o n t r i b u t e d t o a s e n s e o f u n c e r t a i n t y C . w o m e n m a d e p r o g r e s s i n e d u c a t i o n a n d p o l i t i c s b u t s t i l l l a g g e d b e h i n d m e n i n c a r e e r o p p o r t u n i t i e s a n d p a y

46. I n t e r n a t i o n a l R e l a t i o n s

47. T h e W a r t o E n d A l l W a r s e n d e d o n N o v e m b e r 1 1 , 1 9 1 8 E u r o p e w a s l e f t t o w o n d e r w h a t h a d h a p p e n e d O v e r 6 5 m i l l i o n m e n w e r e m o b i l i z e d T h e r e w e r e 3 7 , 5 0 0 , 0 0 0 c a s u a l t i e s O v e r 8 , 5 0 0 , 0 0 0 m e n d i e d O v e r 2 1 m i l l i o n m e n r e t u r n e d i n j u r e d T h e w a r c o s t o v e r $ 3 1 , 0 0 0 , 0 0 0 , 0 0 0 s o m e o n e h a d t o p a y t h e q u e s t i o n w a s w h o

48. Futility Nihilism Despair D i s t r u s t o f g o v e r n m e n t Hopelessness A n g e r Atheism Leadership failure Suicide Frustration NEVER AGAIN

49. 5. T h e W e s t e r n D e m o c r a c i e s A . a f t e r W o r l d W a r I d i p l o m a t s w o r k e d h a r d t o m a k e : i . t r e a t i e s t h a t e n d e d w a r

50. After World War I, President Woodrow Wilson proposed the 14 Points for peace. One of Wilsons ideas was to create a League of Nations. The League excluded Germany and Russia. Most importantly, Americans did not seem sure that the League was a good idea. The League of Nations T h e U . S . S e n a t e d e c i d e d t o r e j e c t W i l s o n s p l a n s f o r t h e L e a g u e . T h e U S A n e v e r j o i n e d

51. 5. T h e W e s t e r n D e m o c r a c i e s A . a f t e r W o r l d W a r I d i p l o m a t s w o r k e d h a r d t o m a k e : i . t r e a t i e s t h a t e n d e d w a r i i . c o o p e r a t i o n i n t h e L e a g u e o f N a t i o n s

53. 5. T h e W e s t e r n D e m o c r a c i e s A . a f t e r W o r l d W a r I d i p l o m a t s w o r k e d h a r d t o m a k e : i . t r e a t i e s t h a t e n d e d w a r i i . c o o p e r a t i o n i n t h e L e a g u e o f N a t i o n s B . l e a d i n g d e m o c r a t i c p o w e r s f a c e d d i f f i c u l t p o l i t i c a l a n d e c o n o m i c c h a l l e n g e s a t h o m e a n d a b r o a d

54. The Great Depression begins

55. Black Tuesday

56. Hoovervilles

57. 5. T h e W e s t e r n D e m o c r a c i e s A . a f t e r W o r l d W a r I d i p l o m a t s w o r k e d h a r d t o m a k e : i . t r e a t i e s t h a t e n d e d w a r i i . c o o p e r a t i o n i n t h e L e a g u e o f N a t i o n s B . l e a d i n g d e m o c r a t i c p o w e r s f a c e d d i f f i c u l t p o l i t i c a l a n d e c o n o m i c c h a l l e n g e s a t h o m e a n d a b r o a d C . t h e G r e a t D e p r e s s i o n c r e a t e d f i n a n c i a l t u r m o i l a n d w i d e s p r e a d s u f f e r i n g t h r o u g h o u t t h e i n d u s t r i a l i z e d w o r l d

58. Rise of Fascist Italy I t a l i a n s w e r e f u r i o u s t h a t t h e y w e r e n o t g i v e n m o r e l a n d a f t e r W o r l d W a r I . T h e y a l s o f e a r e d a C o m m u n i s t R e v o l u t i o n l i k e R u s s i a . M a n y w e r e a t t r a c t e d t o t h e i d e a o f a s t r o n g l e a d e r . p r e a c h e d e x t r e m e n a t i o n a l i s m n a t i o n s m u s t s t r u g g l e p e a c e f u l n a t i o n s w e r e d o o m e d n o c l e a r l y d e f i n e d p r o g r a m f o r i m p r o v e m e n t c i t i z e n s l o s e i n d i v i d u a l r i g h t s s t a t e i s s u p r e m e

59. B e n i t o M u s s o l i n i

60. 6 . F a s c i s m i n I t a l y A . B e n i t o M u s s o l i n i a n d h i s F a s c i s t P a r t y t o o k a d v a n t a g e o f p o l i t i c a l a n d e c o n o m i c u n r e s t t o s e i z e p o w e r i n t h e 1 9 2 0 s .

61. M u s s o l i n i s A g g r e s s i o n

62. 6 . F a s c i s m i n I t a l y A . B e n i t o M u s s o l i n i a n d h i s F a s c i s t P a r t y t o o k a d v a n t a g e o f p o l i t i c a l a n d e c o n o m i c u n r e s t t o s e i z e p o w e r i n t h e 1 9 2 0 s . B . F a s c i s m w a s r o o t e d i n e x t r e m e n a t i o n a l i s m a n d g l o r i f i e d a c t i o n , v i o l e n c e , d i s c i p l i n e , a n d l o y a l t y t o t h e s t a t e . C . A s I l D u c e , M u s s o l i n i e s t a b l i s h e d t h e f i r s t t o t a l i t a r i a n s t a t e w h i c h s e r v e d a s a m o d e l f o r o t h e r s .

63. Rise of Adolf Hitler

64. 7 . H i t l e r a n d t h e R i s e o f N a z i G e r m a n y A . W e i m e r R e p u b l i c w e a k e n e d b y d i s u n i t y a n d i n f l a t i o n . M a n y b l a m e d t h e g o v e r n m e n t f o r t h e h a t e d t r e a t y o f V e r s a i l l e s

65. Adolf Hitler

66. 7 . H i t l e r a n d t h e R i s e o f N a z i G e r m a n y A . W e i m e r R e p u b l i c w e a k e n e d b y d i s u n i t y a n d i n f l a t i o n . M a n y b l a m e d t h e g o v e r n m e n t f o r t h e h a t e d t r e a t y o f V e r s a i l l e s B . H i t l e r a p p e a l e d t o e x t r e m e n a t i o n a l i s m , a n t i - S e m i t i s m , a n t i - c o m m u n i s m , a n d r e s e n t m e n t o f t h e T r e a t y o f V e r s a i l l e s

67. H i t l e r s R i s e t o D i c t a t o r i n 1 9 3 3 H i t l e r b e c a m e C h a n c e l l o r o f G e r m a n y ( W e i m e r R e p u b l i c ) h e d i d n o t h a v e a m a j o r i t y h e c a l l e d f o r n e w e l e c t i o n s s i x d a y s b e f o r e t h e e l e c t i o n s , t h e N a z i s b u r n e d d o w n t h e R e i c h s t a g a n d b l a m e d C o m m u n i s t s H i t l e r w o n a s m a l l m a j o r i t y a n d d e c l a r e d a o n e - p a r t y s t a t e

68. 7 . H i t l e r a n d t h e R i s e o f N a z i G e r m a n y A . W e i m e r R e p u b l i c w e a k e n e d b y d i s u n i t y a n d i n f l a t i o n . M a n y b l a m e d t h e g o v e r n m e n t f o r t h e h a t e d t r e a t y o f V e r s a i l l e s B . H i t l e r a p p e a l e d t o e x t r e m e n a t i o n a l i s m , a n t i - S e m i t i s m , a n t i - c o m m u n i s m , a n d r e s e n t m e n t o f t h e T r e a t y o f V e r s a i l l e s C . H i t l e r a n d t h e N a z i s u s e d t e r r o r , r e p r e s s i o n , a n d o n e p a r t y r u l e t o c r e a t e a t o t a l i t a r i a n s o c i e t y

69. 7 . H i t l e r a n d t h e R i s e o f N a z i G e r m a n y A . W e i m e r R e p u b l i c w e a k e n e d b y d i s u n i t y a n d i n f l a t i o n . M a n y b l a m e d t h e g o v e r n m e n t f o r t h e h a t e d t r e a t y o f V e r s a i l l e s B . H i t l e r a p p e a l e d t o e x t r e m e n a t i o n a l i s m , a n t i - S e m i t i s m , a n t i - c o m m u n i s m , a n d r e s e n t m e n t o f t h e T r e a t y o f V e r s a i l l e s C . H i t l e r a n d t h e N a z i s u s e d t e r r o r , r e p r e s s i o n , a n d o n e p a r t y r u l e t o c r e a t e a t o t a l i t a r i a n s o c i e t y D . E c o n o m i c p r o b l e m s a n d e t h n i c t e n s i o n s i n E a s t e r n E u r o p e h e l p e d f a s c i s t d i c t a t o r s g a i n p o w e r t h e r e

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