The State of Computer Science Education and Workforce Projections

1. June 12, 2012 A National Crisis: The State of Computer Science and Information Technology in Schools and Future Workforce Projections Joe Kmoch joe@jkmoch.com Milwaukee Public Schools May 3, 2013

2. June 12, 2012 #NAFNext Session Description This session will explore the trends in the workforce for computing specialists as defined by the U.S. Department of Labor, and look at the pipeline to fill the nearly 1.5 million positions that will be coming available over the next six to eight years. Then we ll look at approaches to deal with this problem along with resources available.

3. June 12, 2012 #NAFNext Three Challenges The computing community in the US faces three significant and interrelated challenges in maintaining a robust IT workforce 1. Underproduction 2. Underrepresentation 3. Lack of a presence in K-12 education (Jan Cuny, NSF CS10K Initiative)

4. June 12, 2012 O VERVIEW

5. June 12, 2012 Snapshot: U.S. Employment through 2020 Source: Jobs data are calculated from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), Employment Projections 2010-2020, available at http://www.bls.gov/emp/ .

6. June 12, 2012 Computing and mathematics is one of the TOP 10 fastest growing major occupational groups 2010-2020. 150,000+ job openings in computing annually . 1 in every 2 STEM jobs will be in computing in 2020. Quick Facts about Computing Jobs Though 2020 Sources: Jobs data are calculated from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), Employment Projections 2010-2020, available at http://www.bls.gov/emp/ . Educational levels are calculated from BLS Occupational Projections Data, Employment 2010- 2020, available at http://data.bls.gov/oep/ and the BLS Occupational Outlook Handbook 2010-2020, available at http://bls.gov/ooh/ .

7. June 12, 2012 U.S. Employment through 2020 How Computing Stacks Up To Healthcare 22% job growth rate in computing jobs, as comparable to healthcare job growth rates 2010-2020. 51,000 projected shortfall in qualified health IT workers 2011- 2015. 90% of physicians to use electronic health records by 2019 as a result of the federal HITECH Act of 2009. * Healthcare practitioners and technicians Sources: Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), Employment Projections 2010-2020, available at http://www.bls.gov/emp/ . U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), HITECH Programs, http://www.healthit.gov . Congressional Budget Office, Analysis of HITECH Act of 2009. Growth Rates

8. June 12, 2012 T HE B RIGHT F UTURE F OR C OMPUTING J OBS

9. June 12, 2012 Total Employment in STEM in 2020 Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics * Subtotals do not equal 9.2 million due to rounding. Source: Jobs data are calculated from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), Employment Projections 2010-2020, available at http://www.bls.gov/emp/ . STEM is defined here to include non-medical occupations.

10. June 12, 2012 Where the STEM Jobs Will Be Projected Annual Growth of STEM Job Openings 2010-2020 * STEM is defined here to include non-medical occupations. Source: Jobs data are calculated from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), Employment Projections 2010-2020, available at http://www.bls.gov/emp/ .

11. June 12, 2012 Where the STEM Jobs Will Be Annual STEM Degrees (2009) and Annual STEM Job Openings (2010-2020) Sources: Degree data are calculated from the National Science Foundation (NSF), Science and Engineering Indicators 2012, available at http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/seind12/appendix.htm . Annual jobs data are calculated from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), Employment Projections 2010-2020, available at http://www.bls.gov/emp/ . STEM is defined here to include non- medical degrees and occupations.

12. June 12, 2012 Where the STEM Jobs Will Be Top 10 STEM Occupations by Total Employment in 2020 Source: Jobs data are calculated from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), Employment Projections 2010-2020, available at http://www.bls.gov/emp/ . STEM is defined here to include non-medical occupations.

13. June 12, 2012 By the Numbers: Future Workforce (2010-2020 projections) Expected Growth in jobs is very high in CS/IT and Engineering CS/IT (us dept of labor: 15-1100) 2010 actual: 3,426,000 2020 projected: 4,184,700 Engineers (us dept of labor: 17-2000) 2010 actual: 1,519,000 2020 projected: 1,679,400

14. June 12, 2012 By the Numbers: Future Workforce (2010-2020 projections) CS/IT, +22%, 758,800 new jobs Software Developers & Programmers, +25% Computer System Analysts, +22% Database Sys Admins & Network Arch, +28% Computer Support Specialists, +18% Security Analyst, Web Dev, CS Res, others, +15% Engineers, +11%, 160,400 new jobs http://www.bls.gov/emp/tables.htm

15. June 12, 2012 By the Numbers: Future Workforce (2010-2020 projections) CS/IT, 1366.2 (758.8 growth + 607.4 repl) Software Dev & Prog, 493.9 (314.6 gr + 179.3 repl) Computer System Analysts, 222.5 (120.4 gr + 104.1 repl) DB Sys Admins & Network Arch, 207.9 (130.6 gr + 77.3 repl) Comp Support Specialists, 269.5 (110.0 gr + 159.5 repl) Security Analyst, Web Dev, CS Res, others, 172.5 (83.3 gr + 89.2 repl) Engineers, 526.0 (160.4 growth, 365.6 repl.)

16. June 12, 2012 E ARNINGS P OTENTIAL IN C OMPUTING

17. June 12, 2012 Where the U.S. Jobs Will Be Top 10 Major Occupational Groups 2010-2020 and Average Salaries in May 2011 Sources: Jobs data are from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), Employment Projections 2010-2020, available at http://www.bls.gov/emp/ . Salary data are from BLS Occupational Employment Statistics, May 2011, available at http://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_nat.htm . Major Occupational Group % Growth 2010-2020 2011 Average Annual Salary 1 Healthcare Support Occupations 35% $27,370 2 Personal Care and Service Occupations 27% $24,620 3 Healthcare Practitioners and Technical Occupations 26% $72,730 4 Community and Social Service Occupations 24% $43,830 5 Construction and Extraction Occupations 22% $44,630 6 Computer and Mathematical Occupations 22% $78,730 7 Business and Financial Operations Occupations 17% $68,740 8 Life, Physical, and Social Science Occupations 16% $67,470 9 Education, Training, and Library Occupations 15% $50,870 10 Transportation and Material Moving Occupations 15% $33,200

18. June 12, 2012 Where the STEM Jobs Will Be Projected Growth of Selected STEM Jobs 2010-2020 STEM Job 2010 Total Employment % Growth 2010-2020 2011 Average Annual Salary Engineering and Architectural Managers 176,800 9% $129,350 Computer and Information Systems Managers 307,900 18% $125,660 Aerospace Engineers 81,000 5 % $103,870 Software Developers, Systems and Applications 913,100 30% $96,250 Biochemists and Biophysicists 25,100 31 % $87,640 Civil Engineers 262,800 19 % $82,710 Database Administrators 110,800 31% $77,350 Environmental Scientists 89,400 19 % $68,810 Chemists 82,200 4 % $74,780 Anthropologists and Archeologists 6,100 21 % $59,040 Sources: Jobs data are from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), Employment Projections 2010-2020, available at http://www.bls.gov/emp/ . Salary data are from BLS Occupational Employment Statistics, May 2011, available at http://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_nat.htm . STEM is defined here to include non-medical occupations.

19. June 12, 2012 P IPELINE OF T ALENT IN C OMPUTING

20. June 12, 2012 Higher Education Pipeline in Computing Source: National Science Foundation, Science and Engineering Indicators 2012 and various years, available at http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/seind12/ . Data are not available from 1999.

21. June 12, 2012 Higher Education Pipeline in Computing CRA Taulbee Survey Results Source: Computing Research Association, Taulbee Survey 2010-2011, available at http://www.cra.org/resources/taulbee/ (providing voluntary responses from Ph.D.-granting universities on new enrollments and degrees awarded in their undergraduate CS/CE programs.

22. June 12, 2012 High School Advanced Placement Exams 2011 Computer Science Source: College Board, Advanced Placement (AP) Exam Data 2011, available at http://professionals.collegeboard.com/data- reports-research/ap/data . Calculus represents the combined data of Calculus AB and BC. Physics represents the combined data of Physics B, C:Electricity and Magnetism, and C:Mechanics. Computer Science represents combined data of Computer Science A and B.

23. June 12, 2012 Source: College Board, Advanced Placement (AP) Exam Data 2011, available at http://professionals.collegeboard.com/data- reports-research/ap/data . Calculus represents the combined data of Calculus AB and BC. Physics represents the combined data of Physics B, C:Electricity and Magnetism, and C:Mechanics. Computer Science represents combined data of Computer Science A and B. High School Advanced Placement Exams 1997-2011

24. June 12, 2012 High School Advanced Placement Exams 2011 Source: College Board, Advanced Placement (AP) Exam Data 2011, available at http://professionals.collegeboard.com/data- reports-research/ap/data . Calculus represents the combined data of Calculus AB and BC. Physics represents the combined data of Physics B, C:Electricity and Magnetism, and C:Mechanics. Computer Science represents combined data of Computer Science A and B. Male Male Female Female Computer Science

25. June 12, 2012 Conclusion

26. June 12, 2012 Conclusion K-12 computer science education will open more economic opportunities than any other subject for the 21 st Century. The future is bright for students entering in this field or gaining this critical knowledge to apply to almost any field of employment. Jobs in computing are among the fastest growing of any profession and pay higher wages. Despite these opportunities, significant barriers exist to exposing students to computer science in K-12 and keeping them in the computing education pipeline We need to address the key issues: Clarify the role and place for K-12 computer science education Lift state standards and make courses count Support computer science teachers Address diversity issues We need to put computer science within the core of a student s education

27. June 12, 2012 That s nice data, but so what? *Slide is from Ed Lazowska The instructional practices and assessments discussed or shown are not an endorsement by ACM or the U.S. Department of Education.

28. June 12, 2012 How did we get to where we re at in K- 12? Perceptions of CS/IT job market Perceptions of the kind of jobs these are Budget cutting CS/IT courses deemed expendable, not required, not mainstream Results of schools reacting to NCLB 28

29. June 12, 2012 How did we get to this situation in K- 12? Lack of courses Lack of trained and interested teachers Lack of professional development opportunities Cost of teacher certification Need for development of a national curriculum similar to PLTW (including courses, prof development, marketing) focused more around computer science and computational thinking 29

30. June 12, 2012 What can we do? Get Involved... Advocate for CS & IT

31. June 12, 2012 But how??? Learn about advocacy and advising materials Use them in your classroom with students Talk with parents Talk with your principal and district administrators Talk with current students Visit middle school students Develop workshops for pre-high school students

32. June 12, 2012 Computing is the new literacy ...the ability to make digital technology do whatever, within the possible one wants it to do to bend digital technology to one s needs, purposes and will, just as in the present we bend words and images. --Marc Prensky, Edutopia, 1/13/2008 We want and need kids to be creators not just consumers of technology

33. June 12, 2012 Advocacy Small Group Activity Here s a poster about computing careers and a Guide for Policy Makers Pick one of them and get into small groups If you have a poster, design a classroom lesson around the poster for appropriate age level (high school) If you have the policy brochure, plan an advocacy event for a parents council or a school board meeting based on the brochure

34. June 12, 2012 CSTA Both of these are from the CSTA. This is a group you should join (it s free for individuals) Take a look at ncwitcstaresources.pbworks.com Also csitresources.pbworks.com Take a look at csta.acm.org

35. June 12, 2012 Imagine Your Future... brochure activity Read the brochure Imagine Your Future in Computing In small groups, think about how you could use this in your school creating an activity in your classroom We ll share ideas in about 10 min

36. June 12, 2012 CSTA WI-Dairyland Chapter Brand new as of January, 2013 Events A Saturday workshop (Feb) with Exploring Computer Science leaders from Chicago A weekday student computing competition and adhoc chapter meeting (Apr) The CS/IT strand here at WMC Join us by joining national CSTA (free)

37. June 12, 2012 CS Ed Week Starting in 2010, Computer Science Education Week will always be held during the week containing December 9 (Dec 8-14, 2013) This is the week of Grace Hopper s birthday (December 9, 1906) to recognize the critical role of computing in today s society and the imperative to bolster computer science education at all levels. http://csedweek.org

38. June 12, 2012

39. June 12, 2012 NCWIT National Center for Women and Information Technology K-12 Alliance produces many materials Award for Aspirations in Computing Counselor materials Many other readable resources about computing, girls in computing, what courses should I be taking, best practices See ncwitcstaresources.pbworks.com

40. June 12, 2012

41. June 12, 2012 NCWIT C4C materials Pathway Resources (handouts) University, Two-year College, Military Poster Counselor Talking Points Computing Education and Future Jobs: national, state and congressional district data Webinar, info sheet, upcoming slideshow

42. June 12, 2012

43. June 12, 2012

44. June 12, 2012 Computing in the Core Advocating for K-12 Computer Science Education Coalition of associations, corporations, scientific societies and other non-profits Advocate to elevate cs education to a core academic subject in K-12 education ACM, CSTA, Google, IEEE Microsoft, NCWIT, College Board, NCTM, NSTA, Oracle, SAS

45. June 12, 2012

46. June 12, 2012 Questions? Thank you Joe Kmoch joe@jkmoch.com http://expandingcswisconsin.pbworks.com