The Harlem Renaissance
The Harlem Renaissance, from 1920 to 1936, was a period when African American writers produced a substantial body of literature in poetry, fiction, drama, and essay. The movement also included philosophy, theater, visual arts, and music.
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Slide1 1920 to 1936
Slide2Harlem Renaissance Defined Harlem Renaissance (HR) is the name given to the period from the end of World War I and through the middle of the 1930s Depression, during which a group of talented African-American writers produced a sizable body of literature in the four prominent genres of poetry, fiction, drama, and essay.
Slide3Harlem Renaissance Defined (continued) Not limited to literature, the movement also includes philosophy, theater, the visual arts, and music.
Slide4Harlem Renaissance Dates Beginning dates range from 1914 to 1920 Ending dates range from 1935 to 1940
Slide5Great Migration Beginning of World War I Job opportunities in North 1915-1918 Some believe this to be the beginning of H.R.
Slide6KeyFigures
Slide7W. E. B. Du Bois (1868-1963) Philosopher Sociologist Civil rights activist
Slide8W.E.B. Du Bois African Americans must be taught racial pride and African cultural heritage Coined the term “Talented Tenth”
Slide9Charles Gilpin (1878-1930) Performing arts: theater
Slide10Theater and Film Charles Gilpin founded the Lafayette Players Few plays were written by African Americans
Slide11Alain LeRoy Locke (1886-1954) Philosopher Educator
Slide12Alain Locke The New Negro Saw Harlem as race capital
Slide13Marcus Garvey (1887-1940) Political leader Publisher and journalist Jamaican National Hero
Slide14Marcus Garvey Back to Africa movement
Slide15Claude McKay (1890-1948) Writer
Slide16Claude McKay “If we must die—let it not be like hogs hunted and penned in an inglorious spot…Like men we’ll face the murderous, cowardly pack, Pressed to the wall, dying, but fighting back!”
Slide17Zora Neale Hurston (1891-1960) Writer Anthropologist Folklorist
Slide18Jean Toomer (1894-1967) Writer
Slide19Jean Toomer Poet Envisioned an American identity that would transcend race Did not seek out “black” forms for his poetry
Slide20Bessie Smith (1895-1937) Jazz and Blues Singer
Slide21Aaron Douglas (1898-1979) Visual Artist
Slide22Duke Ellington (1899-1994) Jazz musician Jazz composer Jazz band leader
Slide23Langston Hughes (1902-1967) Writer
Slide24Langston Hughes “We younger Negro artists…intend to express our individual dark-skinned selves without fear or shame. If white people are pleased, we are glad. If they are not, it doesn’t matter.”
Slide25Arna Bontemps (1902-1973) Writer
Slide26Countee Cullen (1903-1946) Writer
Slide27Countee Cullen Poet Wrote in accepted forms that white audiences could appreciate Did not believe race should dictate style and subject matter
Slide28Josephine Baker (1906-1975) Singer Dancer Actress
Slide29Cab Calloway (1907-1994) Singer Actor Fashion trendsetter
Slide30Dorothy West (1907-1998) Writer
Slide31End of World War I “We return. We return from fighting. Make way for democracy! We saved it in France, and by the Great Jehovah, we will save it in the United States of America or know the reason why.” W.E.B. De Bois
Slide32What’s in a name? Harlem Renaissance Negro Renaissance
Slide33Creative Forms Writers Poets Philosophers Musicians Visual Artists Filmmakers
Slide34African-American Literature Sought to reach entire community, not just highly educated Periodicals (magazines) acted as a medium of intellectual discourse The Crisis (cover dated September 1927)
Slide35The Jazz Age Artistic expression in music Cab Calloway Duke Ellington Josephine Baker Bessie Smith
Slide36Visual Arts Aaron Douglas 1936
Slide37End of the Renaissance The Great Depression 50% of families in Harlem were out of work Harlem Race Riot, 1935 Aaron Douglas 1936
Slide38Gains of the Harlem Renaissance African Americans proved themselves to be talented and capable Created a new consciousness in blacks and whites New art forms Socioeconomic changes Chain Gang William H. Johnson undated
Slide39 The Harlem RenaissanceSaturday Night by Archibald J. Motley, Jr. 1935