Sustainable Management and Ecosystem Services

1. Part B: Sustainable Management and Ecosystem Services Speakers: T. Knoke, R. Mosandl Projects: B2 (K. Roos) B3 (R. Mosandl, M. Weber, B. Stimm) B5 (T. Knoke)

2. Part B: Sustainable Management and Ecosystem Services Speakers: T. Knoke, R. Mosandl Projects: B2 (K. Roos): Pasture rehabilitation on, and management of degraded areas in the Andes of South Ecuador. B3 (R. Mosandl, M. Weber, B. Stimm) B5 (T. Knoke)

3. Part B: Sustainable Management and Ecosystem Services Speakers: T. Knoke, R. Mosandl Projects: B2 (K. Roos) B3 (R. Mosandl, M. Weber, B. Stimm): Improvement of forest management key strategies: a contribution to conservation and sustainable land use B5 (T. Knoke)

4. B3 Improvement of forest management key strategies: a contribution to conservation and sustainable land use 4 WP (c) Balancing of alternative strategies for multi objective forest management Optimization with regard to different decision criteria Testing for uncertain parameters WP (a) Optimization of relevant forest management alternatives Identification of relevant natural resources and demands Identification of possible management alternatives Installation and monitoring of experimental field plots Improvement of management alternatives WP (b) Accounting for global changes Assessment of management alternatives regarding their impacts on biodiversity Spatial distribution of species under climate change scenarios Testing of potential tree provenances for better adaptation to climate change Conclusions for climate-smart management guidelines

5. B3 - Work packages (a) and topics in different ecosystems 5 (1) Dry Forest: Domestication of native NTFP tree species Selection of plus trees for multiplication as cultivars, germination trials, survival of seedling, early growth rates Browsing effects on regeneration dynamics and species composition Stratification according to stand densities Installation of fenced and unfenced inventory plots Integration into system of existing inventory plots (NCI, UTPL) Sites: Laipuna, La Ceiba, Cazaderos Cooperation partners: B5, NCI, UTPL (Carlos Ivan Espinosa) PhD-candidate: Jorge Cueva (SENESCYT-scholarship; starting from April 2014)

6. Work packages (a) and topics in different ecosystems 6 (2) Tropical Mountain Forest, ECSF: Natural forest experiment monitoring, regeneration dynamics Reforestation of abandoned pastures Monitoring of reforestation plots Problem: leasing rates Cooperation partners: NCI, UNL (Nikolay Aguirre) PhD-candidate: Johana Munoz (SENESCYT-scholarship; starting from April 2014)

7. Work packages (a) and topics in different ecosystems 7 (3) Paramo, Surroundings of Cajas National Park: Optimization of regulating ecosystem services (hydrological capacities and carbon sequestration) Comparison of Paramo, managed and unmanaged Pine plantations and the effects on production and provision of ecosystem services Installation of inventory field plots Cooperation partners: Universidad de Cuenca (Patricio Crespo), ETAPA PhD-candidate: Carlos Quiroz (SENESCYT-scholarship; started in February 2014)

8. Assessment of ecological parameters along a climate gradient for key species for conservation and managament - Seed testing - Cross planting experiments - Genetic analysis - Tree ring analysis Work package (b) Global change Dry forest/ECSF 8 Habitat model according to environmental envelopes today (Maxent) Potential future habitat due to climate change scenarios of IPCC (Worldclim data and WG Bendix) Identification of ecological characteristics of key species along climate gradient Cooperation partners: UTPL (Augusta Cueva), CATIE (Sven Gnter) PhD-candidate: Carlos Manchego (50% UTPL 50% DFG; started in December 2013)

9. Part B: Sustainable Management and Ecosystem Services Speakers: T. Knoke, R. Mosandl Projects: B2 (K. Roos) B3 (R. Mosandl, M. Weber, B. Stimm) B5 (T. Knoke): Balancing regulating and provisioning ecosystem services: Comprehensive land-use concepts for effective conservation.

10. Team W. Santiago Ochoa M Carola Paul T Knoke 10 B5 Regulating and provising of ecosystem services T. Knoke

11. Key research question 11 How can land-use concepts be used to develop climate- and water-friendly land-use options for food, biofuel and timber production (provisioning services) ? B5 Regulating and provising of ecosystem services T. Knoke

12. Research approach 12 B5 Regulating and provising of ecosystem services T. Knoke Knoke et al. (2013) Glob Env Change 23: 1064-1072

13. Project components 13 B5 Regulating and provising of ecosystem services T. Knoke Identification of current land uses Further development of bio-economic modelling approaches Inclusion of regulating services in land use modelling Land use optimization - Interviews with local farmers - Deriving cost effective conservation strategies - Review on bio- economic modelling approaches - Review on the role of forests in future land use portfolios - Consequences of land use options on regulating services - Testing of alternative land use options (Agroforestry Systems)

14. Project components 14 B5 Regulating and provising of ecosystem services T. Knoke Identification of current land uses Further development of bio-economic modelling approaches Inclusion of regulating services in land use modelling Land use optimization - Interviews with local farmers - Deriving cost effective conservation strategies - Review on bio- economic modelling approaches - Review on the role of forests in future land use portfolios - Consequences of land use options on regulating services - Testing of alternative land use options (Agroforestry Systems)

15. Current status of manuscript: Land Use Portfolios in the Dry Forest of Ecuador: Cost-effective Conservation Strategies Authors: W. Santiago Ochoa M, Carola Paul, Luz Mara Castro und Thomas Knoke Objectives: Identification of current land use Estimation of optimal land use allocation for risk-averse farmers Deriving compensation payments and cost-effective conservation strategies 15 B5 Regulating and provising of ecosystem services T. Knoke

16. Materials and Methods Interviews with 163 households (766 inhabitants) in the surroundings of the Laipuna Reserve Current land use practices Costs, Revenues, Producer-Prices Incorporation of yield and price fluctuations Application of modern portfolio theory 16 B5 Regulating and provising of ecosystem services T. Knoke

17. First Results 17 B5 Regulating and provising of ecosystem services T. Knoke

18. Project components 18 B5 Regulating and provising of ecosystem services T. Knoke Identification of current land uses Further development of bio-economic modelling approaches Inclusion of regulating services in land use modelling Land use optimization - Interviews with local farmers - Deriving cost effective conservation strategies - Review on bio- economic modelling approaches - Review on the role of forests in future land use portfolios - Consequences of land use options on regulating services - Testing of alternative land use options (Agroforestry Systems)

19. Outlook: Inclusion of regulation services in land use modelling Evaluation of carbon sequestration of different land use options Cooperation with B3 (Mosandl/Stimm/Weber/ Hildebrandt) Inventory in dry forests B5 Regulating and provising of ecosystem services T. Knoke 19

20. B5 Regulating and provising of ecosystem services T. Knoke 20 We are looking for win-win (or low opportunity cost) concepts and means to make their consequences demonstrable.