PHYS 10163 Instructor Information and Course Resources

1. Instructor: T. Waldek Zerda Instructor: T. Waldek Zerda office: 142 SWR or 307 SWR office: 142 SWR or 307 SWR campus phone: 817-257-7124 campus phone: 817-257-7124 email: t.zerda@tcu.edu email: t.zerda@tcu.edu office hours: M.Tu.W. 2-4 PM; or by appointment office hours: M.Tu.W. 2-4 PM; or by appointment eCollege contains syllabus, lecture notes and homework solutions eCollege contains syllabus, lecture notes and homework solutions Lecture notes can also be found: Lecture notes can also be found: http://personal.tcu.edu/zerda/10164/ch**_lecture.ppt http://personal.tcu.edu/zerda/10164/ch**_lecture.ppt Lab instructions can be found: Lab instructions can be found: http://personal.tcu.edu/zerda/manual/lab**.pdf http://personal.tcu.edu/zerda/manual/lab**.pdf PHYS 10163 PHYS 10163

2. Working problems is the only way to learn physics. You are encouraged to consult your classmates or TCU physics graduate students in solving the homework problems. DO NOT COPY the answers of your fellow students. I reserve rights to reject a homework that I suspect was copied from another student, a web site, a solution manual, or any other source. Homework must be turn in on time, usually by 10 AM on the day following the day we completely covered a chapter of the textbook. No late homework will be accepted because I will post the homework solution on the class web page immediately after the deadline. Each homework assignment is worth 100 points. By the end of the semester I will calculate the average of all assignments and it will count for up to 16% of your final grade. Homework Homework

3. Exams Exams There will be 3 partial tests and a final. Each will count for 16% of the final grade. If you are unable to make it to a scheduled exam, please contact me in advance to make alternate arrangements. Missing the final exam will result in an incomplete in the course. You will have to retake the final at a later date. During the test all books and notebooks must be closed. You will be allowed to bring ONE 3”x 5” index card with hand written note, equations, etc. and a calculator. The index card may not be photocopied, reduced or computer generated. Violation of this rule will result in failure of the examination. I will provide relevant constants.

4. Exams, cont. Exams, cont. Each exam is a partial test and will cover material discussed between the tests. The final will be structured in a similar way as the partial exams, but may contain additional review questions/problems. There will be about five questions and about five problems on each exam, a total of ten questions/problems. The problems will be similar to those solved in class, solved examples in the textbook, and homework problems. Questions will be based on conceptual questions, quick quizzes, and additional questions discussed in class. You have ONE week from the day the exam was returned to you to appeal the grade. After the seventh day the grade becomes permanent.

5. Class participation Class participation I encourage you to make every effort to attend class. Due to the nature of this short course, I may have to make changes/announcements and the only way you can learn about them is to attend the class. I will not read the class roll or check students attendance, except for the first two or three lectures, when I will try to memorize your names. Remember that you must bring homework assignments to class by 10 AM.

6. Make-up work Make-up work Make-ups for missed homework and exams can be granted only under exceptional circumstances (medical emergency, official university business, wedding, etc.). If you know of such impeding circumstances, please contact me in advance so alternative arrangements can be prepared. If it is impossible to notify me in advance, please send an email as soon afterward as possible.

7. Final grade Final grade The final grade will be determined by adding scores for the partial exams, the final, and the average homework. Each of these components will count for 16% of the final grade, 5*16%=80%. The lab will count to the remaining 20% 94 - 100 = A 94 - 100 = A 90 - 93 = A- 90 - 93 = A- 87 - 90 = B+ 87 - 90 = B+ 84 - 86 = B 84 - 86 = B 80 - 83 = B- 80 - 83 = B- 77 - 80 = C+ 77 - 80 = C+ 74 - 76 = C 74 - 76 = C 70 - 73 = C- 70 - 73 = C- 66 - 70 = D+ 66 - 70 = D+ 60 - 65 = D 60 - 65 = D 55 - 60 = D- 55 - 60 = D- Below 55 F Below 55 F

8. Homework Homework Ch.15:3,10,17,31 Ch.15:3,10,17,31 Ch.16:3,13,29,39 Ch.16:3,13,29,39 Ch.17:15,19,36,47 Ch.17:15,19,36,47 Ch.18:2,14,39,45 Ch.18:2,14,39,45 Ch.19:7,20,31,45 Ch.19:7,20,31,45 Ch.20:10,17,22,37 Ch.20:10,17,22,37 Ch.21:5,7,23,35 Ch.21:5,7,23,35 Ch.22:7,17,30,45 Ch.22:7,17,30,45 Ch.23:6,13,32,39 Ch.24:3,15,23,39 Ch.25:9,12,13,19 Ch.26:5,9,13,19 Ch.27:6,13,23,43 Ch.28:7,15,17,38 Ch.29:1,9,15,30

9. Chapter 15 Chapter 15 Electric Forces and Electric Forces and Electric Fields Electric Fields Conceptual questions: 2,4,7,9,12,14 Quizzes: 1,2,3,4,5,6 Problems: 11,21,28, 48 Examples: 1,3,6,7,8

10. Electric Charges Electric Charges Two types of charges exist; positive and negative Two types of charges exist; positive and negative Like charges repel and unlike charges attract one another Like charges repel and unlike charges attract one another Nature’s basic carrier of positive charge is the proton and of negative charge is the electron Nature’s basic carrier of positive charge is the proton and of negative charge is the electron Protons do not move from one material to another because they are held firmly in the nucleus Protons do not move from one material to another because they are held firmly in the nucleus Negative charges are primarily carried by electrons Negative charges are primarily carried by electrons Gaining or losing electrons is how an object becomes charged Gaining or losing electrons is how an object becomes charged

11. Properties of Charge Properties of Charge Electric charge is always conserved Electric charge is always conserved Charge is not created, only exchanged Charge is not created, only exchanged Objects become charged because negative charge is transferred from one object to another Objects become charged because negative charge is transferred from one object to another All charge is a multiple of a fundamental unit of charge, symbolized by e All charge is a multiple of a fundamental unit of charge, symbolized by e Electrons have a charge of –e Electrons have a charge of –e Protons have a charge of +e Protons have a charge of +e The SI unit of charge is the Coulomb (C) The SI unit of charge is the Coulomb (C) e = 1.6 x 10 -19 C e = 1.6 x 10 -19 C

12. Insulators Insulators Insulators are materials in which electric charges do not move freely Insulators are materials in which electric charges do not move freely Glass and rubber are examples of insulators Glass and rubber are examples of insulators When insulators are charged by rubbing, only the rubbed area becomes charged. The charges do not move. When insulators are charged by rubbing, only the rubbed area becomes charged. The charges do not move. Conductors Electrons move freely. Metals are examples of conducting materials

13. Charging by Conduction Charging by Conduction A charged object (the rod) is placed in contact with another object (the sphere) A charged object (the rod) is placed in contact with another object (the sphere) Some electrons on the rod can move to the sphere Some electrons on the rod can move to the sphere When the rod is removed, the sphere is left with a charge When the rod is removed, the sphere is left with a charge The object being charged is always left with a charge having the same sign as the object doing the charging The object being charged is always left with a charge having the same sign as the object doing the charging

14. Charging by Induction Charging by Induction A negatively charged rubber rod is brought near an uncharged sphere A negatively charged rubber rod is brought near an uncharged sphere The charges in the sphere are redistributed. Some electrons in the sphere are repelled from the electrons in the rod. After the sphere is grounded they leave the sphere. The charges in the sphere are redistributed. Some electrons in the sphere are repelled from the electrons in the rod. After the sphere is grounded they leave the sphere. The positive charge on the sphere is evenly distributed due to the repulsion between the positive charges The positive charge on the sphere is evenly distributed due to the repulsion between the positive charges Charging by induction requires no contact with the object inducing the charge Charging by induction requires no contact with the object inducing the charge

15. Examples of Polarization Examples of Polarization The charged object (on the left) induces charge on the surface of the insulator The charged object (on the left) induces charge on the surface of the insulator A charged comb attracts bits of paper due to polarization of the paper A charged comb attracts bits of paper due to polarization of the paper

16. If a suspended object A is attracted to object B, which is charged, we can conclude that (a) object A is uncharged, (b) object A is charged, (c) object B is positively charged, or (d) object A may be either charged or uncharged. QUICK QUIZ 15.1

17. 2. Operating room personnel must wear special conducting shoes while working around oxygen. Why? 7. When a metal object receives a positive charge, does its mass increase, decrease or remain the same? 14. Would life be different if the electrons were positively charged and the protons were negatively charged?Does the choice of signs have any bearings on physical and chemical interactions? Conceptual questions:

18. Coulomb’s Law Coulomb’s Law Coulomb’s electrical force has the following properties: Coulomb’s electrical force has the following properties: It is inversely proportional to the square of the separation between the two particles and is along the line joining them It is inversely proportional to the square of the separation between the two particles and is along the line joining them It is proportional to the product of the magnitudes of the charges q 1 and q 2 on the two particles It is proportional to the product of the magnitudes of the charges q 1 and q 2 on the two particles It is attractive if the charges are of opposite signs and repulsive if the charges have the same signs It is attractive if the charges are of opposite signs and repulsive if the charges have the same signs

19. Coulomb’s Law Coulomb’s Law k e is called the Coulomb Constant k e is called the Coulomb Constant k e = 8.99 x 10 9 N m 2 /C 2 k e = 8.99 x 10 9 N m 2 /C 2

20. Vector Nature of Electric Forces Vector Nature of Electric Forces Two point charges are separated by a distance r Two point charges are separated by a distance r The like charges produce a repulsive force between them The like charges produce a repulsive force between them The force on q 1 is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to the force on q 2 The force on q 1 is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to the force on q 2

21. QUICK QUIZ 15.2 Object A has a charge of +2 µ C, and object B has a charge of +6 µ C. Which statement is true: (a) F AB = –3 F BA (b) F AB = – F BA (c) 3 F AB = – F BA

22. Superposition Principle Example Superposition Principle Example The force exerted by q 1 on q 3 is F 13 The force exerted by q 1 on q 3 is F 13 The force exerted by q 2 on q 3 is F 23 The force exerted by q 2 on q 3 is F 23 The total force exerted on q 3 is the vector sum of F 13 and F 23 The total force exerted on q 3 is the vector sum of F 13 and F 23 The resultant force on any one charge equals the vector sum of the forces exerted by the other individual charges that are present. The resultant force on any one charge equals the vector sum of the forces exerted by the other individual charges that are present. Remember to add the forces vectorially Remember to add the forces vectorially

23. .

24. Electric Field Electric Field A charged particle, with charge Q, produces an electric field in the region of space around it A charged particle, with charge Q, produces an electric field in the region of space around it A small test charge , q o , placed in the field, will experience a force A small test charge , q o , placed in the field, will experience a force

25. Electric Field Electric Field Use this Eq. for the magnitude of the field Use this Eq. for the magnitude of the field The electric field is a vector quantity The electric field is a vector quantity The direction of the field is defined to be the direction of the electric force that would be exerted on a small positive test charge placed at that point The direction of the field is defined to be the direction of the electric force that would be exerted on a small positive test charge placed at that point Electric field of a point charge is given by

26. Direction of Electric Field Direction of Electric Field The electric field produced by a negative charge is directed toward the charge The electric field produced by a negative charge is directed toward the charge A positive test charge would be attracted to the negative source charge A positive test charge would be attracted to the negative source charge The test charge is a VERY small positive charge The test charge is a VERY small positive charge

27. A test charge of +3 µ C is at a point P where the electric field due to other charges is directed to the right and has a magnitude of 4  10 6 N/C. If the test charge is replaced with a –3 µ C charge, the electric field at P (a) has the same magnitude but changes direction, (b) increases in magnitude and changes direction, (c) remains the same, (d) decreases in magnitude and changes direction. QUICK QUIZ 15.3

28. A Styrofoam ball covered with a conducting paint has a mass of 5.0  10 -3 kg and has a charge of 4.0  C. What electric field directed upward will produce an electric force on the ball that will balance the weight of the ball? 15-21

29. A circular ring of radius b has a total charge q uniformly distributed around it. The magnitude of the electric field at the center of the ring is (a) 0 (b) k e q/b 2 (c) k e q 2 /b 2 (d ) k e q 2 /b (e) none of these. QUICK QUIZ 15.4

30. QUICK QUIZ 15.5 A "free" electron and "free" proton are placed in an identical electric field. Which of the following statements are true ? (a) Each particle experiences the same electric force and the same acceleration. (b) The electric force on the proton is greater in magnitude than the force on the electron but in the opposite direction. (c) The electric force on the proton is equal in magnitude to the force on the electron, but in the opposite direction. (d) The magnitude of the acceleration of the electron is greater than that of the proton. (e) Both particles experience the same acceleration.

31. Problem 15-24 Problem 15-24 Positive charges are situated at three corners of a rectangle of size 0.200m by 0.600m. Find the electric field at the fourth corner. 6.00 nC 5.00 nC 3.00 nC

32. Electric Field Lines Electric Field Lines The field lines are related to the field by The field lines are related to the field by The electric field vector, E, is tangent to the electric field lines at each point The electric field vector, E, is tangent to the electric field lines at each point The number of lines per unit area through a surface perpendicular to the lines is proportional to the strength of the electric field in a given region The number of lines per unit area through a surface perpendicular to the lines is proportional to the strength of the electric field in a given region

33. Electric Field Line Patterns Electric Field Line Patterns Point charge Point charge The lines radiate equally in all directions The lines radiate equally in all directions For a positive source charge, the lines will radiate outward For a positive source charge, the lines will radiate outward

34. Electric Field Line Patterns Electric Field Line Patterns For a negative source charge, the lines will point inward For a negative source charge, the lines will point inward

35. Electric Field Lines of a Dipole Electric Field Lines of a Dipole An electric dipole consists of two equal and opposite charges An electric dipole consists of two equal and opposite charges The high density of lines between the charges indicates the strong electric field in this region The high density of lines between the charges indicates the strong electric field in this region

36. Electric Field Patterns Electric Field Patterns Unequal and unlike charges Unequal and unlike charges Note that two lines leave the +2q charge for each line that terminates on -q Note that two lines leave the +2q charge for each line that terminates on -q

37. Rules for Drawing Electric Field Lines Rules for Drawing Electric Field Lines The lines for a group of charges must begin on positive charges and end on negative charges The lines for a group of charges must begin on positive charges and end on negative charges The number of lines drawn leaving a positive charge or ending on a negative charge is proportional to the magnitude of the charge The number of lines drawn leaving a positive charge or ending on a negative charge is proportional to the magnitude of the charge No two field lines can cross each other No two field lines can cross each other

38. Rank the magnitudes of the electric field at points A , B , and C in the figure below, largest magnitude first. QUICK QUIZ 15.6

39. Figure P15.28 shows the electric field lines for two point charges separated by a small distance. (a) Determine the ratio q 1 / q 2 . (b) What are the signs of q 1 and q 2 ? Fig. 15.28 15.28 15.28

40. Conductors in Electrostatic Equilibrium Conductors in Electrostatic Equilibrium The electric field is zero everywhere inside the conducting material The electric field is zero everywhere inside the conducting material Any excess charge on an isolated conductor resides entirely on its surface Any excess charge on an isolated conductor resides entirely on its surface The electric field just outside a charged conductor is perpendicular to the conductor’s surface The electric field just outside a charged conductor is perpendicular to the conductor’s surface On an irregularly shaped conductor, the charge accumulates at locations where the radius of curvature of the surface is smallest (that is, at sharp points) On an irregularly shaped conductor, the charge accumulates at locations where the radius of curvature of the surface is smallest (that is, at sharp points)

41. Two charged parallel plates Two charged parallel plates + + + - - - Electric field in between the plates is uniform and it magnitude is given by E=    = Q/A (surface charge density) k e =1/4  o  o =8.85 x 10 -12 C 2 /Nm 2 permittivity of the empty space

42. 9. In fair weather there is an electric field at the surface of the Earth, pointing down into the ground. What is the electric charge on the ground in this situation? 12. Is it possible for the electric field to exist in empty space? 18. Why is it a bad idea to seek shelter under a tree during a lightning storm? Conceptual questions Conceptual questions

43. In the Bohr theory of the hydrogen atom, an electron moves in a circular orbit about a proton, where the radius of the orbit is 0.53 × 10 –10 m. (a) Find the electrostatic force acting on each particle. 8.2 10 -8 N (b) If this force causes the centripetal acceleration of the electron, what is the speed of the electron? 2.2 10 6 m/s Review problem based on Example 15.1

44. Additional questions Additional questions

45. MCAD questions MCAD questions

46. MCAT questions MCAT questions 1. Which electric charge is possible? a. 6.02 x 10 23 C b. 3.2 x 10 -19 C c. 2.4 x 10 -19 C d. 8.0 x 10 -20 C 2. A sphere with a net charge of +3.0 x 10 -3 C is touched by a second identical sphere B, which has a net charge of –9.0 x 10 -3 C. The two spheres then separate. The net charge on sphere A is now: a. 3.0 x 10 -3 C b. -3.0 x 10 -3 C c. -6.0 x 10 -3 C d. -9.0 x 10 -3 C