Kingdom Fungi - Biology Chapter 21 at Paul VI Catholic High School

Slide1KINGDOM FUNGICP Biology - Chapter 21 Paul VI Catholic High School

Slide2FUNGI• FUNGI ARE HETEROTROPHS • FILAMENTOUS BODIES – HYPHAE & MYCELIA • NUCLEAR EXCHANGE

Slide3FUNGI

Slide4FUNGI• CELL WALLS OF CHITIN • NUCLEAR MITOSIS – NUCLEAR ENVELOPE REMAINS INTACT – MITOSIS OCCURS WITHIN THE SPINDLE (PLAQUES) • EXTRACORPOREAL DIGESTION

Slide5FUNGIFAIRY RING: Reproductive structures of subterranean fungus

Slide6FUNGIFOUR MAIN GROUPS : • ZYGOMYCETES  ( Common Molds ) • ASCOMYCETES  ( Sac Fungi ) • BASIDIOMYCETES  ( Club Fungi ) • DEUTEROMYCETES  ( Imperfect Fungi)

Slide7FUNGIZYGOMYCETES  ( Common Molds ) RHIZOPUS STOLONIFER HYPHAE: STOLONS RHIZOIDS SPORANGIOPHORES

Slide8FUNGI

Slide9FUNGIREPRODUCTION: ASEXUAL Haploid Spores SEXUAL GAMETANGIA PLASMOGAMY KARYOGAMY

Slide10FUNGI

Slide11FUNGIZYGOMYCETE: Pilobolus

Slide12FUNGIRhizopus decomposing strawberries

Slide13FUNGI• ASCOMYCETES : ( Sac Fungi ) – Truffles & Morels – Conidia forms asexual spores – Ascus contains spores from sexual reproduction – Ascocarp: “Fruiting Body”

Slide14FUNGIASCOMYCETE:  Scarlet Cup  Fungus

Slide15FUNGITruffles

Slide16FUNGIMOREL

Slide17FUNGI

Slide18FUNGI

Slide19FUNGIERGOT: Active ingredient in LSD

Slide20FUNGI• BASIDIOMYCETES : ( Club Fungi ) – Basidium (lat.) “Pedestal” – Toadstools, Mushrooms, Puffballs – Basidiocarp is “Fruiting Body” – Gills contain the spores – Some varieties poisonous

Slide21FUNGIVarieties of Basidiomycetes

Slide22FUNGI

Slide23FUNGIPoisonous varieties Basidiomycetes

Slide24FUNGIAMANITA PHALLOIDES “Death Angel”

Slide25FUNGIAMANITA PHALLOIDES • Small ingestion sufficient for death • RNA Polymerase Inhibitor • Onset 6-12 Hrs.- Duration 5-7 Days • Death from Kidney, Liver Failure • No Treatment; No Antagonist  

Slide26FUNGIAMANITA MUSCARINA • Muscarinic Effects – Pinpoint Pupils – Excessive sweating, salivating – Low Blood Pressure – Nausea, Vomiting – Lower Heart Rate – Atropine Antagonist

Slide27FUNGIAmanita muscarina

Slide28FUNGI• DEUTEROMYCETES :   (Imperfect Fungi) – “Imperfectly Understood” – Beneficial & Harmful Varieties • Yeast ( Saccharomyces cerevisiae ) • Aspergilla • Cutaneous Diseases • Penicillium notatum

Slide29FUNGICutaneous Lesions of Deuteromycetes

Slide30FUNGIPenicillium notatum Sir Alexander Fleming

Slide31FUNGISYMBIOTIC FUNGAL ORGANISMS • LICHENS – Combination of Fungus • Usually Ascomycete • Occasionally Basidiomycete • and  either: • Photosynthetic bacterium • Green Algae

Slide32FUNGI

Slide33FUNGI

Slide34FUNGUS• LICHENS  (cont’d): – “Pioneer Colonies” – Pigment used for dyes – Litmus Paper – Indicator of Air Quality

Slide35FUNGISYMBIOTIC FUNGAL ORGANISMS • MYCORRHIZAE: – Mutualistic association plant & fungi – Found in over 90% vascular plants – Enhance nutrient availability to plant – Receive glucose from plant

Slide36FUNGISYMBIOTIC FUNGAL ORGANISMS • MYCORRHIZAE: – ENDOMYCORRHIZAE: • Usually Zygomycete • Fungus enters into plant cell – ECTOMYCORRHIZAE: • Usually Basidiomycete • Fungus does NOT enter plant cell

Slide37FUNGI

Slide38FUNGI