AP Biology - Domain Eukarya: Kingdom Fungi

Slide1AP Biology2007-2008 Domain Eubacteria Domain Archaea Domain Eukarya Common ancestor Kingdom: Fungi Domain Eukarya

Slide2AP BiologyGeneral characteristics  Classification criteria  eukaryotes  heterotrophs  feed by absorption  mostly multicellular  except unicellular yeasts  cell wall  sexual & asexual reproduction So that’s 3 times cell walls have evolved: bacteria, fungi, plants

Slide3AP BiologyFungal Structure  Fungal body  mycelium  thread-like cells  hyphae  Cells  multiple nuclei  Cell wall  chitin  polysaccharide + N  just like crab shells

Slide4AP BiologyInternal structure  Eukaryotic cells  long, thread-like cells  filamentous  incomplete divisions between cells  septum  multiple nuclei septum chitin cell wall nuclei pore Aaaaah, structure–function relationship !

Slide5AP Biologyplant cell fungal hypha plant cell membrane plant cell wall Modes of Nutrition  Heterotrophic  secrete digestive enzymes  feed by absorption  parasites  feeding on living creatures  predators  paralyzing prey  decomposers  breakdown dead remains Fungi live  IN their food ! It’s like you living in  Chocolate cake !

Slide6AP BiologyFungal Diversity Chytridiomycota Zygomycota Basidiomycota Ascomycota Fungi

Slide7AP BiologyEcological Roles Lichens are fungi that have discovered agriculture !  Decomposers  recycle nutrients  Symbiotic Relationships  lichen  fungi  +  algae  cyanobacteria or green algae  pioneer species in ecosystems  makes soil from bare rock  mycorrhizae  fungi + plants  live in & amongst plant roots  enables plants to absorb more water & nutrients

Slide8AP BiologyMycorrhizae  Critical role in plant growth  extends water & nutrient absorption of roots without mycorrhizae with mycorrhizae Ectomycorrhiza Endomycorrhiza

Slide9AP BiologyReproduction  Asexual  budding in yeast  Sexual  spores  spread by wind  joining of  +  &  –  haploid spores haploid spores

Slide10AP BiologyAdult Offspring Gametes Zygote egg sperm diploid 2n haploid (n) meiosis fertilization mitosis & development mitosis & maturation male female

Slide11AP Biologyhypha (n) haploid (2n) diploid mating strain mating strain FUSION  of + and – gametangia sporangium spores (haploid) MEIOSIS Zygomycete (Bread Mold) Life Cycle

Slide12AP BiologyBasidiomycete Life Cycle FUSION  of and hyphae fruiting body MEIOSIS spores gills lined with basidia basidium zygote (n) haploid (n  +  n) dikaryotic strain strain   2 n  (diploid)

Slide13AP BiologyFairy Rings

Slide14AP BiologyThe FIRST Antibiotics