Reviewing the Impact of European Exploration and Colonization in the VA US SOLs

Slide1VA/US SOL Review of Unit 1:SOLs 2- 3 Exploration & Colonization

Slide2European Exploration & Colonization• Resulted in a redistribution of the world population (voluntarily & involuntarily)

Slide3Exploration & Colonization…• Initiated worldwide commercial expansion due to Columbian Exchange of  agricultural products. • Colonization also led to new ideas about representative government & religious tolerance .

Slide4Columbian Exchange

Slide5America• Already populated by Native Americans (Indians) • Seen as “Savages” by     Europeans

Slide6Exploration & Colonization• Exploration & settlement of the  English  in America & the  Spanish  in the Caribbean, Central & South America, often led to violent conflicts with the Indians. • Yet, French exploration in  Canada  didn’t. – Why not? • Indians lost traditional territories & died from diseases .

Slide7Different ColoniesNew England • Use of town meetings (like  Athens ) as a form of direct democracy Southern Colonies • Maintained stronger ties w/ England, but had representative colonial legislatures Middle Colonies Incorporated a number of democratic principles that were similar to Englishmen

Slide8Slavery/ Indentured Servitude• The first Africans were brought against their will in  1619 . • The African slave trade resulted from  labor shortages. • Slaves were brought over on the  Middle Passage • Some  indentured servants  had worked before slaves. Not many more came after slavery became prominent. • Slavery eventually led to the  Civil War .

Slide913 Original Colonies• New England • Middle Colonies • Southern Colonies

Slide10New England Colonies• Mainly settled by  Puritans  seeking  religious freedom • Also settled by Pilgrims • Sought  economic opportunities • Direct-democracy  (town meetings) • Covenant  Community – God-like – Mayflower Compact & Puritan religious beliefs • Intolerant of Non-Puritans

Slide11New England Colonies…• Economy – Shipbuilding,  Fishing , Lumbering,  Subsistence farming & (eventually)  manufacturing – Valued hard work &  thrift • Society – Family centered – Religious  Standing – Intolerant of  dissenters

Slide12New England Colonies…• Society… – Intolerant • Rhode Island:  Roger Williams • Anne Hutchinson • Politics – Church leaders • Mix Church & State – Male-dominated – Town Meetings

Slide13Middle Colonies• Settled mainly by English, Dutch & German- speaking immigrants – NY used to be New Netherlands • Wanted  religious freedom & economic opportunity • Most diverse population

Slide14Middle Colonies…• Economy – Shipbuilding , Small-scale  farming  & Trading • Skilled  artisans • NYC &  Philly  became commercial centers • Society – Home to multiple religious groups who believed in religious tolerance • Quakers  (PA),  Huguenots  & Jews (NY), Catholics (MD), Presbyterians  (NJ) – Flexible social structures – Middle -class of artisans, entrepreneurs & farmers

Slide15Middle Colonies…• Political – Incorporated a number of democratic principles that reflected the basic rights of Englishmen – Did not mix Church & State/ Tolerant of other religions

Slide16Southern Colonies• Mainly settled by the English Cavaliers & poorer English & Scots-Irish – Cavaliers = English  nobility  who received large land grants in eastern VA from the King – Indentured  Servants, Debtors, Prisoners – African slaves • Wanted economic opportunities – Jamestown  was a business venture established by the VA Company of  London

Slide17Jamestown• 1 st  Permanent English Settlement, established by the VA Company of London in 1607 • In the middle of Powhatan Nation • 1 st  settlers were mainly Gentlemen – “Don’t Work = Don’t Eat!” was John Smith’s rule • Headright System • “Starving Time” due  to weather • John Rolfe planted tobacco & married Pocahontas

Slide18Southern Colonies…• Economy – Large  plantations  in the coastal lowlands grew “cash crops:”  Indigo , Rice,  Tobacco – Western foothills & mountains they had small-scale subsistence  farming, hunting  & trading • Society – Based on family status &  ownership of land – Large  landowners dominated colonial government – Closer ties to England  & the  Church of England  than other colonies – Western VA had a lot of S cots-Irish  &  English  men

Slide19Southern Colonies…• Political – Maintained stronger ties with Britain – Large landowners dominated colonial legislatures – VA House of Burgesses • 1 st  Elected  Legislature  in the New World • Representative Democracy • Today it’s known as the  VA General Assembly

Slide20Indentured Servitude & Slavery• Indentured Servant = Someone who works for 4-7 years in exchange for passage over to the New World. – Headright system = promise of land • Growth of southern plantation-economy required cheap labor in large numbers. Originally met by indentured servants.

Slide21Indentured Servitude & Slavery…• Most  tobacco  plantation needs eventually were filled by importation of Africans. – Some were indentured servants & free – Middle Passage – Slave Codes = laws that limited what slaves could do • Development of slavery-based economy eventually led to Civil War.

Slide22Question Time!!!Show me what you know

Slide23                         establishment of early american Colonies                               Roanoke            Massachusetts                                    1587                                                        1620  /--------/--------/-----------/                 1565                                             1607  St. Augustine                               Jamestown 1. Which date on this timeline represents the beginning of a permanent British presence in North America? A. 1565 B. 1587 C. 1607 D. 1620

Slide242. Which colony was established as a businessventure? A. Connecticut B. Massachusetts C. Georgia D. Virginia

Slide253. The initial French exploration of NorthAmerica resulted in --- A. economic colonies in Florida B. competition with Spanish settlers C. plantations using slave labor D. cooperation with native groups

Slide264. The Treaty of Alliance of 1778 was signed bythe United States and ---- A. Spain B. Portugal C. Russia D. France

Slide275. Which factor contributed to colonial victory inthe American Revolution? A. Shortages of British troops B. Disloyalty of British generals C. Lack of British popular support D. Weakness of the British Navy

Slide286. The land area located between 800 W & 90 0 W and 25 0 N      & 30 0 N represents the acquisition of --- A. Land won through the French & Indian War B. Territories according to the Northwest Ordinance C. Land as a result of the Revolutionary War D. Florida through a treaty with Spain

Slide297. The town meetings heldby colonists in buildings such as this one were important because they demonstrated a form of --- A. Religious toleration B. Direct democracy C. Multicultural integration D. Representative government Old South Meeting House, Boston

Slide308. The different types of economies found in theoriginal colonies were primarily a reflection of the --- A. Nationalities of the settlers B. Geography of the areas C. Provisions of the charters D. Religion of the settlers

Slide319. How did the Great Awakening most influencethe American Revolutionary movement? A. It supported the practice of slave labor B. It established official state religions C. It challenged the established government order D. It discouraged trade with foreign countries